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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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immunity
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self vs. non-self
protection from infectious disease that's usually indicated by an antibody that's very specific to a single organism |
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antigen
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live or inactivated substance capable of immune response
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antibody
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protein molecules produced by B lymphocytes to help eliminate antigen
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active immunity
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protection produced by their own immune system that is usually permanent
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passive immunity
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protection that is transferred from another person or animal. Temporary protection that decreases with time. transplacental is the most important source in infancy
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sources of passive immunity
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almost all blood or blood products
homolgous pooled human antibody homologous human hyperimmune globulin heterologous hyperimmune serum |
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Monocolonal antibody
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derived from single type or clone, of antibody producing cells
antibody is specific to a single antigen or closely related group of antigens used for diagnostic and therapy of certain cancers, autoimmune disease and infectious disease |
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antibody for prevention of RSV
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Palivizumab (Synagis)
monoclonal antibody contains only RSV antibody, will not interfere with response to a live virus vaccine there is not RSV vaccine Immunity and immunologic memory are similar to natural infection but without risk of disease |
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Classification of vaccines
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live attenuated: viral or bacterial
Inactivated: -whole: viruses or bacteria -fractional: protein based, polysaccharide based |
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General rule of vaccination
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the more similar a vaccine is to the disease causing form of the organism the better the immune response to the vaccine
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LIve attenuated vaccines
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attenuated form of the "wild" virus or bacterium, must replicate to be effective, immune response similar to natural infection, usually produce immunity with one dose
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what are the live attenuated vaccines for viruses?
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Measles
Mumps Rubella Varicella/Zoster Intranasal influenza rotavirus vaccinia yellow fever |
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what are the live attenuated vaccines for bacteria?
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BCG
Oral typhoid |
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what is an inactivated vaccine?
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cannot replicate and generally not as effective as live vaccines
less interference from circulating antibodies than live vaccines generally requires 3-5 doses with primarily humoral immune response antibody titer may diminish with time |
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what are the whole cell live inactivated viral vaccines?
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Polio
Hep A Rabies INfluenza |
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what are the whole cell live inactivated bacterial vaccines?
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Pertussis
Typhoid Cholera Plaque |
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what are the fractional inactivated vaccines?
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Subunit: Hep B, influenza, acellular pertussis, HPV, anthrax
Toxoid: diphtheria, tetanus |
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Conjugated polysaccharide vaccines
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pneumoncoccal
meningococcal haemophilus influenza b |
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Pure polysaccharide vaccines
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Pneumoncoccal
meningococcal Salmonella typhi |
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in the antibody containing vaccines and measles and varicella. How long should you wait until you give one or the other?
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Vaccine given first > wait 2 weeks before antibody
Antibody given first > wait 3 months of longer before vaccines |
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can all vaccines be given in the same visit?
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YES
general rule: all vaccines can be administered at the same visit as all other vaccines |
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whats the general combination vaccine rule?
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combination vaccines may be used whenever any components of the vaccine are indicated and vaccines other components are not contraindicated
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what is the rule for administration of two live parenteral vaccines?
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Non-simultaneous administration of two live parenteral vaccines: interference can occur between two live vaccines given within 28 days
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what is the spacing of vaccine combinations not given simultaneously?
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Two live injected or intranasal influenza vaccines must be given a minimum of 4 weeks apart
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if there is an extended interval of multi-dose vaccines should the series be restarted?
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NO
it is never necessary to restart the series or add doses because of an extended interval between doses |
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what are contraindications to vaccines?
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allergy to component
encephalopathy live vaccines in pregnancy, immunosuppression, any symptomatic person with AIDS precaution in severe illness and recent blood product |
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what are invalid contraindications of vaccines?
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antibiotic therapy
disease exposure pregnancy in household breastfeeding premature birth mild illness allergies to products not in vaccine FMHx unrelated to immunosuppression Need for TB testing Need for multiple vaccines Low grade fever URI Otitis media Mild diarrhea influenza vaccine |
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who gets a live attenuated vaccine?
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healthy person 5-49
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who gets an inactivated vaccine?
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All persons 50+ years
Persons > 6 months of age with chronic disease Children 6-59 months Residents of long term facilities persons 6 months - 18 years on ASA therapy Pregnant women |
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who gets the pneumococcal vaccine?
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Polysaccharide: adults > 65; >2 years with chronic illness
Conjugate: all children < 24 months: unvaccinated children 24-59 months with high risk condition |
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what are the recommended doses for pneumococcal vaccine?
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doses at 2, 4, 6 months and booster at 12-15 months
first dose as early as 6 weeks minimum interval between the 1st three doses: 4 weeks At least 8 weeks b/t dose 3 and 4 |
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how young can you administer the HPV vaccine?
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9 years old
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what is the recommended age for HPV vaccine?
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13-26 years old before sexual activity
3 doses administered: 0, 2, 6 months 4 week & 12 week interval |
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what HPV types does the HPV vaccine block against?
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16
18 6 11 |
