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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Frequency Distribution
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• Defined as an organized tabulation: of the number of individuals located in e/ category on the scale of the measurement
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Group Frequency Table
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• Use when data cover wide range of values
• Ex: age of patients, patients could be between • 21-75 years of age |
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Real limits
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• W/ continuous variables we need to use real limits
• in terms of frequency distribution a certain score does not mean the certain score, but the real limits for the score • Eg: a score of 3 has real limits of 2.5 to 3.5 |
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Histogram
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• used interval/ratio scales of measurement
• Histogram construction • 1. List scores on X axis • 2. Draw bar above e/ X value so height of bar corresponds to the frequency of that category • 3. For continuous variables width of bar extends to real limits of category • 4. For discrete variables they do not, different chart e/ bar extends half the distance to the adjacent category on e/ side • 5. For both e/ bar histogram extends to the mid pt between adjacent categories (no spaces between bars!) • They make up blocks of e/ |
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Bar graphs
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• Use w/ nominal or ordinal data
• bars do not touch! • emphasizing separate and distinct categories |
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Smooth Curve
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• Different way to show distribution
• Commonly used w/ interval or ratio data • Smooth curve emphasizes that the distribution is Not showing the exact frequency of e/ category • We have X not Y (?) • Also called a normal curve or bell curve |
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Shape
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defined by the relationship between the X value and the Y value
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Symmetrical
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if left side of graph mirrors the right side
• eg: bell curve graph |
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Skewed
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scores pile up on one side of the distribution, leaving a tail of a few extreme values on the other side
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Bimodal
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used when something is occurring more than once
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Positive skewed
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: tail right side, more on lower side
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Negative skewed
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tail left side, more on higher side
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Ranks of Percentile
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of a particular score is defined as the percentage of individuals in a distribution w/ scores equal to or less than the particular value
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Cumulative Frequency
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sum of frequency for all values at or below a given value
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Cumulative Percent
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: sum of percent’s at or below a given value
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