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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a chemical cycle involving 8 steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide.
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Krebs Cycle
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The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
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oxidation
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The splitting of glucose into pyruvate.
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glycolysis
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The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.
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reduction
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A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains, using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP.
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ATP synthase
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A sequence of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
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electron transport chain
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The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
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substrate-level phosphorylation
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A chemical reaction involving the transfer of 1 or more electrons from one reactant to another.
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redox reaction
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The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide & ethyl alcohol.
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alcoholic fermentation
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An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
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facultative anaerobe
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The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.
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lactic acid fermentation
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A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism.
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NAD+
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A molecule that conveys electrons.
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electron carrier
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The addition of electrons to a sunstance involved in a redox reaction.
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reduction
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An energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work, such as the synthesis of ATP.
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chemiosmosis
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An enzyme that pairs with NAD+ to shuttle electrons in redox reactions.
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dehydrogenase
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The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration.
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acetyl CoA (acetyl coenzyme A)
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The splitting of glucose into pyruvate.
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glycolysis
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An organism that cannot survive in an atmosphere of oxygen.
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strict anarobe
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A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism.
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NAD+
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The most prevalent & efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.
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cellular respiration
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