Housing History And Programs

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Public Health Movement

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Occurred in the second half of the 1800's. Led to the first housing (tenement) acts.

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When and where wasthe first model tenement built?

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In 1855, the first model tenement was built in New York City.

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dumbbell tenement

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In 1879, the first dumbbell tenement was built. This form of housing was built throughout New York City but often had poor lighting, little air, and little space.

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Tenement House Act of 1867

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New York City.

Required new tenement buildings to provide a narrow air shaft between adjacent structures, windows that open into the shaft, two toilets on each floor, and a one square yard window in each room.

First major housing code in the United States

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How the Other Half Lives,

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In 1890, Jacob Riis published How the Other Half Lives, which highlighted the plight of the poor in New York

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Tenement House Law of 1901

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New York State.

Vigorously enforced law that outlawed dumbbell tenements. The City required inspection and permits for construction and alterations. It also required wide light and air areas between buildings and toilets and running water in each apartment unit.

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Neighborhood Unit Concept

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Clarence Perry in 1920 defined the Neighborhood Unit Concept as part of the New York Regional Plan

The Neighborhood Unit Concept defines a neighborhood based on a five minute walking radius. At the center is a school. Each neighborhood is approximately 160 acres.

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Public Works Administration (PWA)

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The Great Depression was combated through the Public Works Administration (PWA), created in 1934.

The PWA provided 85 percent of the cost of public housing projects. This represented the first federally supported public housing program.

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National Housing Act

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In 1934, the National Housing Act was passed by Congress. It established the Federal Housing Administration with the purpose of insuring home mortgages

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Resettlement Administration

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In 1935, the Resettlement Administration used New Deal funds to develop new towns. Greendale, WI, Greenhills, OH, and Greenbelt, MD, are all in existence today. In addition, 99 other communities were planned.

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U.S. Housing Act

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In 1937, the U.S. Housing Act provided $500 million in home loans for the development of low-cost housing. This Act tied slum clearance to public housing.

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Serviceman's Readjustment Act

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In 1944, the Serviceman's Readjustment Act, commonly known as the GI Bill, guaranteed home loans to veterans. The result was the rapid development of suburbs.

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Housing Act of 1949

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The Housing Act of 1949 was the first comprehensive housing legislation passed. The Act called for the construction of 800,000 new housing units and emphasized slum clearance

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Housing Act of 1954

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The Housing Act of 1954 called for slum prevention and urban renewal. Additionally, the Act provided funding for planning for cities under 25,000 population. The 701 funds were later expanded to allow for statewide, interstate, and regional planning.

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Housing Act of 1959

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The Housing Act of 1959 made federal matching funds available for comprehensive planning at the metropolitan, regional, state, and interstate levels.

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Housing Act of 1961

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The Housing Act of 1961 provided interest subsidies to nonprofit organizations, limited-dividend corporations, cooperatives, and public agencies for the construction of public housing projects for low and moderate income families to rent.

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U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

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In 1965, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) was formed through the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965.

The act also put into place rent subsidies for the poor, home loans at reduced interest rates, and subsidies for public housing projects.

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Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act

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In 1966, the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act was the launch of the model cities program. The Act provided financial incentives for coordinated metro area planning for open spaces, water supply, sewage disposal, and mass transit. It also established a loan guarantee program to encourage the development of "new communities

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Civil Rights Act of 1968

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The Civil Rights Act of 1968 made racial discrimination in the sale or rental of housing illegal.

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Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968

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The Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 provided for the construction of six million subsidized housing units. The Act also authorized monthly subsidies for private houses for low income families.

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Miami Valley Regional Planning Commission

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In 1970, the Miami Valley Regional Planning Commission in Ohio adopted a housing plan that called for low and moderate income housing to be allocated on a fair share basis.

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Pruitt-Igoe Project

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In 1972, the Pruitt-Igoe Project was demolished in Saint Louis. The demolition of this public housing project marked a shift away from high-rise concentrated public housing.

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Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG)

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In 1974, the Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG) was created under the Housing and Community Development Act. This grant program provides great flexibility for communities to use these federal funds for the improvement of blighted areas. The CDBG program consolidated six categorical urban programs into one. Additionally, the Act created the Section 8 program that provides rent subsidies for low-income housing.

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National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Act of 1974

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The National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Act of 1974 regulated manufactured housing units and prohibited municipalities from regulating manufactured homes through the building code. The homes could be regulated in terms of location, size, and appearance. This act applied to all manufactured homes built in 1976 or later.

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National Affordable Housing Act of 1990

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The National Affordable Housing Act of 1990 created the HOME program, which provides funds for housing rehabilitation.

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HOPE VI

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In 1992, HOPE VI was passed by Congress. The HOPE VI grant program provided funds for the redevelopment of severely distressed public housing. It also allowed for the demolition of public housing as well as the construction of new public housing. The result has been a deconcentration of public housing.

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Consolidated Plan

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In order for a community to be eligible to receive the funds for housing programs, they are required to prepare a Consolidated Plan. Beginning in 1995, the HUD required local communities to prepare a Consolidated Plan in order to receive funding from a number of HUD programs.

The Consolidated Plan is both a process and a document.

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The consolidated planning process replaces the planning and application requirements for the following programs:

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•Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)
•HOME Investment Partnership Program (HOME)
•Emergency Shelter Grant (ESG)
•Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS (HOPWA)