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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three facets of neuroimmunology?
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1. immune rxn w/in CNS
2. Afferent pathway: CNS monitors peripheral immune system 3. Efferent pathway: signals from CNS to immune system, CNS influences the peripheral immune system |
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Where do astrocytes reside?
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CNS
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What is the function of astrocytes in the CNS?
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neurotransmitter sink, induction of BBB closure, structural support
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What makes up the innate immune system's response to infection?
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IFN-I
NK cells Gamma delta T cells NK T cells B1 T cells |
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What makes up the adaptive immune syste'ms response to infection?
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CD4 T cells
CD8 T cells B cells Memory immunity |
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What triggers IFN-I synthesis?
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Viral infectin
Ligand binding (TLR3/dsRNA) |
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What are the effects of type I interferons?
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Induction of resistance to viral replication in all cells
Increased MHC class I expression in all cells Activation of NK cells to kill virus-infected cells |
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Describe the cascade leading to the production of IFN-alpha.
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Infection-->phosphorylation of IRF3
IRF3 dimerizes-->enters nucleus & initates transcription of IFN-beta IFN-beta acts in an autocrine or paracrine manner to activate transcription of IFN-alpha |
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How does IFN-I cause changes?
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Activation of Jak1 and Tyk2 pathways in a variety of cells.
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What role do NK cells have in response to infection?
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Early defense against intracellular pathogens.
Migrate to tissues during infection in response to inflammatory cytokines. |
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What activating receptors are present on NK cells?
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Fc receptors that bind Ab coating target cell
NK-cell lectin-like receptors Killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR) Natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR) Absence of MHCI on target cell |
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What are inhibitory receptors on NK cells?
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Presence of MHCI triggers inhibitory receptor
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What are the effector functions of NK cells?
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Lyse virus-infected cells
Lyse tumor cells Mediate allorxns determined by HLA class I type Secrete IFN-gamma to activate macrophages |
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What role do B1 B cells have in response to infection?
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Respond rapidly to antigen & produce IgM w/in 48 hours
No isotype switching or somatic mutation Found in peritoneal cavity |
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What is the role of γδ T cells in response to infection?
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Less diverse TCR than αβ T cells
Respond quickly by releasing cytokines & killing infected cells |
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What types of molecules are recognized by γδ T cells?
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Small organic phosphates
Alkylamines (products of microbial metabolism) |
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What sort of antigen is recognized by NK T cells?
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Lipid presented by CD1d
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What is the response of NK T cells to infection?
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IFN-gamma or IL-4 within hours of recognizing antigen
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TH2 development is mediated by what cytokine?
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IL-4
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TH1 development is mediated by what cytokine?
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IL-12/IL-18
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What is produced by developed TH2 cells?
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IL-10 and TGF-Beta
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What is produced by developed TH1 cells?
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IFN-gamma
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Which type of helper T cell promotes antibody production?
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TH2
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Which type of helpter T cell promotes macrophage function?
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TH1
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Describe protective immunity.
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Long-term production induced by a successful primary adaptive response. A subsequent encounter with a pathogen will be met w/a faster, stronger immune response.
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Why do memory B and T cells activate more quickly than naive cells?
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Pathogen-specific B cells make more Abs than naive B cells.
Memory cells tend to make IgG rather than IgM on reexposure MHC class II molecules are expressed in greater numbers on memory cells |
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What is the importance of CD45?
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Different antigen found on CD4 T cells.
Naive CD4 T cells have CD45 RA (larger) Memory CD4 T cells have CD45 RO which is shorter & more efficient |
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What stimulates & inhibits CD8+ memory T cells?
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IL-15 stimulates
IL-2 inhibits |
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What is original antigenic sin?
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response to pathogen prevents activation of naive cells during susbsequent infection. memory cells are stimulated by repeated exposure to the antigen or pathogen.
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