Horticulture

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Epidermis

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Single layer of cells on primary (herbaceous) plant parts

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Periderm[bark]

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A corky tissue that replaces epidermis on secondary(woody) plant parts

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Dermal tissue systems functions

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Protection from the environment and water loss

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Three tissue systems that occur in plants

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Dermal comma vascular comma ground or fundamental

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Vascular tissue system functions

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Conduction of water nutrients sugars and hormones throughout the plants

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Fundamental tissue systems functions

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Storage support filler tissue site of photosynthesis

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Epidermis

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Single layer of cells on primary herbaceous plant parts

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Periderm or bark

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The Corky tissue that replaces epidermis on secondary plant parts

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Xylem

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Conducts water and nutrients up roots and leaves

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Phloem

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Conducts water sugars hormones down and up roots stems and leaves moves from where it's produced two words needed called sinks

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Cortex

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Outer region of stems and roots

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Pith

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Center of stems

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Mesophyll

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Middle of leaves and flower petals

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Parenchyma

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Then non lignified primary cell walls. Filler storage protection photosynthesis example flesh of potato lettuce leaf

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Collenchyma

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Unevenly thickened non lignified primary cell walls. Support and growth tissues example strings and celery stalks

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Sclerenchyma

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Evenly thickened dignified secondary cell walls. Dead at maturity. Support and mature tissue. Example Viber Stone cell

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Polysaccharide

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A polymer or chain of sugars

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Cellulose

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Forms the Matrix of microfiber

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Hemi cellulose

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Filler between cellulose microfibrils

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Pectin

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Cementing agent or filler. High and middle lamella and fruit

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Lignin

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Tough polymer of phenolic compounds. High and secondary cell wall

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Plasma membrane or plasmalemma

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A double membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm. Composed a bilayer of phospholipids in proteins. Eating selectively permeable and regulates absorption into cells and leakage from cells

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Plasmodesmata

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Tubular plasma membrane extensions through cell walls that connect adjacent cells

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Cytoplasm

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Cytosol plus organelles. Most metaball ism occurs in the cytosol OR organelles

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Cytosol

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Much of the cytoplasm is water or dissolved compounds

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Organelles

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Specialized structures in the cytoplasm each with their own function

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Nucleus

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Location of DNA and RNA

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Chromosome

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Strands of DNA

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Nucleolus

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Spherical,dense body, site of ribosome synthesis

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Mitochondria

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Major site of respiration. Called the PowerHouse of the cell

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Plastid

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Double membrane bound body's for storage and photosynthesis

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Chloroplast

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Green plastids that contains chlorophyll. Site of photosynthesis

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Ribosome

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Dance fears of RNA. Protein synthesis occurs on their surface

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Golgi body

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Disk shaped membranes for membrane and polysaccharide synthesis

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Microbody

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Membrane-bound storage bodies with various functions

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Microtubule

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Tubular used in mitosis in cellulose orientation in cell walls

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DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

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The double helix chain of sugar phosphate connected by a nucleic acids

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RNA ribonucleic acid

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A single-stranded chain of sugar phosphate containing nucleic acids

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Base pairing of nucleic acids between the double strands of DNA

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Adenine with thymine. Guanine and cytosine

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Base pairing in nucleic acids between DNA strands and RNA strands

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Adenine with uracil. Guanine with cytosine

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Gene

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Length of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or protein subunit also codes for active RNA

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Protein

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A polymer or chain of amino acids

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Enzyme

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The protein that acts as a metabolic catalyst

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Meristem

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Discrete regions or groups of cells that possess continued cell division for the life of the plant or that organ

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Primary growth

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Growth and length to primary herbaceous tissues called the primary plant body

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Secondary growth

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Growth and width or diameter that gives rise to secondary tissues

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Lateral meristem

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Meristematic regions along the sides of stems and roots

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Vascular cambium

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A sheet-like meristem between the bark and wood along the sides of Woody stems and roots it gives secondary xylem on the inside of the secondary phloem on the outside

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Cork cambium

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Gives the rise to the Periderm

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Flower

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The reproductive organ of higher plants like angiosperms which contains at least one female reproductive part comma the pistol and one male reproductive part, the stamen

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Complete

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Contains all floral parts

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Incomplete

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Lacks one or more of the floral parts

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Perfect

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Contains both pistil and stamen

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Imperfect

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Lacks either pistil or stamen

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Pastillate(female)

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Contains only pistil

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Staminate male

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Contains only stamen

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Sterile

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Both stamen and pistil are absent or non-functional

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Monoecious

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Both staminate and pistillate flowers occur on the same plant example corn cucumber

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Dioecious

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Staminate or pistol late flowers occur on separate plants

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Fruit

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A ripened or matured ovary and its contents Plus any accessory tissues

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Pericarp

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The fruit wall which develops from the ovary wall

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Seed

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A ripened ovule consisting of an embryo with Associated stored food and covered by a Testa

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Testa

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Protective outermost layer of seeds also known as seed coat

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Photosynthesis

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The process in which carbon dioxide and water are used to produce carbohydrates and evolve oxygen in the presence of light and chlorophyll. The net result is light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of fixed carbon compounds / carbs

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Chloroplast

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The green plastid in which photosynthesis

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Chlorophyll

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The green plant pigment in chloroplast that absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis

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Thylakoids

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Sac-like membrane inside a chloroplast containing the chlorophyll

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Stroma

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The fluid Matrix of the chloroplast

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CO2 plus H2O Arrow C6H12O6 + O2

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Photosynthesis

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C6H12O6 + 02 Arrow CO2 + H2O

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Respiration b****

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Light reaction

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The reaction that uses the Water and Light energy and involves oxygen it is also called the hill reaction

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Dark reaction

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Is reaction that uses carbon dioxide and produces carbohydrates. Also known as Calvin Benson cycle or PCR

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Glycolysis

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The first series of reactions of respiration. It occurs in the cytosol of the cytoplasm in the cell. The six-carbon glucose molecule it's broken into two three-carbon acids. Metabolic energy is produced from breaking one carbon-carbon Bond. If no oxygen is present the three-carbon acid goes into anaerobic fermentation. If oxygen is present the three-carbon acid moves into the Matrix of the mitochondrion and enters the Krebs cycle

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Anaerobic fermentation

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It occurs in the cytosol of the cytoplasm and only occur occurs when there is no oxygen present. The three-carbon acid from glycolysis is broken down into ethanol and CO2 this happens for each of the two three-carbon acids from glycolysis

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Etheline

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Is a hormone that triggers the ripening of a fruit