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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Origin and importance of geranium crops?
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SA, Found in dry sandy habitats, Top 5 most important floral crop
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Floral initiation is dependent on what in geraniums?
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Light
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Flower developet is dependent on what in geraniums?
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Temp
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Day nuetral refers to which of our three crops?
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Geraniums
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pH ranges for geraniums, And two soil features they prefer?
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5.6 - 6.2, High AFP and Well drained media
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Why should we avoid splashing in Geranium production?
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It spreads disease
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How many foot candles do zonal geraniums require? How are they propagated?
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3500-5000, By cuttings
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What are seed geraniums usually grown for? and how many nodes are required for flowering?
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Mass distribution15
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Why should we avoid growing hanging baskets at high elevation in the greenhouse?
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Cause its hotter the higher you go.
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3 characteristics of the hybrid regal or Martha washington geraniums
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Prop. by cuttings, Flowers under cool conditions, and Develop better under low density spacing
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Whats unique about geraniums nutrient requirements.
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Require high nutrient inputs of a high nitrate fertilization
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2 common nutritional issues with geraniums? and how to fight them
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Metal Toxicity (fe, Mn) keep pH about 5.8, and Ca deficiency, add Ca nitrate at 200 ppm
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Good EC for Geraniums
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1.5 -2.5 mmho/cm
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2 key factors in taking a tissue sample to send in to the lab?
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Collect about 28grams of the most recent mature leafs and Remove the petioles
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5 reasons why the tissue sample could be thrown off?
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Plant age, Season, Time of Day of collection, Media pH, Temperature
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3 major geranium disorders?
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Botrytis Blight, Bacterial Blight, and Edema
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What does botrytis blight look like? Hows it spread and 2 requirements for infection?
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Its a fungus, Spread in the air by spores, and Requires a film of water and 59-77 temp
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3 ways to fight botrytis
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Water in the morning to allow drying time, Provide adequate space between pots, and remove old plant parts
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What is the most serious disease of geraniums? 2 ways its spread?
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bacterial blight, Cuttings and irrigation
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What does Bacterial blight look like and how is it spread within the plant?
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Looks like leaf spot and chlorosis, spread through xylem
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One geranium disease that infects ivy geranium, whats it do exactly?
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Edema, Ruptures stomata, caused by high turgor and low transpiration
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4 parts to a fuchsia flower? and whats unique about their flower buds( 2)
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Ovary, Sepals, petals, stigma and stamens. They are pendulous and axillary
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What are the requirements for flower initiation in fuchsia?
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They are obligate LD and need 25-50 days of 12hr day length
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Whats the critical production factor in fuchsias? and whats ideal?
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Temp, 68 day and 61 night
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What is the temp threshold for fuchsias to stop flowering?
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76 degrees, anything above will cease flowering
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How many fc does a fuchsia need?
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2,000- 4,000
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Nutrient requirements for fuchsia? pH? how many ppm N
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High nutrient levels, 6 - 6.5, and 200 ppm
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Whats unique about marketing and shipping of fuchsia? why?
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Must be local, flower abscission will take place when exposed to ethylene
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How long is the production cycle of fuchsia? How many times are they pinched and when is the last pinching?
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12 to 16 weeks, 2-3 times, and seven weeds before target date
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1 way to get shorter internodes in fuchsia?
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constant temp or negative DIF
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One major problem with fuchsia's ? and how to manage it(2)
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Root rot
(Rhizoctonia, pythium, or phytothora), Humidity below 70% and good air flow |
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how is black root rot in fuchsia's spread?
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fungus gnats and shore flies
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One major plant disease in Fuchsia's and how is it spread?
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INSV (Impatiens necrotic spot virus), thrips larvae eat it and then spread it in adult stage
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What should we do if we find INSV in our fuchsia?
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Destroy the plant pot media everything
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4 major pests in fuchsia
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aphids, white flies, thrips, sprider mites
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What kind of system is used to grow cut flower asiatic lilies?
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Crate
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What is the major distinguishing characteristic for asiatic lilies? how so?
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Height, tall to medium for cut flowers and medium to short for pots
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2 differences between Asiatic lilies and Oriental Hybrids?
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Asiatic- wide flower color and no scent, Oriental- narrow flower color with scent
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What is the newest variety of Lily?
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LA Lilies
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cold treatment in Asiatic lilies?
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6-8 weeks at 36-41
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Longer cold treatments do what for lilies 2
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Increase number of flowers and decrease height
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how are the meskers able to produce and use bulbs year round?
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they are frozen in peat moss until needed
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What does bulb size tell you about lilies?
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How big they will be and how many flowers
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how are bulbs reproduced? how deep are they planted?
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Scales, 2-3 inches
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Light requirements for Lilies?
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Facultative LD, high light
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How does lilies, which are Facutative LD, respond to night interuption?
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Great, works well
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What are the forcing temps for lilies in a greenhouse?
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50-60 degree nights, 70degree days, no higher than 85
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What should lily soil temps be at during emergece?
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55
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So during emergence, ________ temp is more important, during veg. growth _______ temp is more important in lily production?
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Soil, Air
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What should the pH be in lilies? and what is most important after emergence for nutrition
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6 - 6.5, don't let the media dry out, dont let it get too wet, keep it evenly moist
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What is the number one way to control height in lilies? what are two other ways?
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using a dwarf variety, or Neg Dif or DROP, or PGR's (tricky)
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2 Abiotic Problems in lilies and what causes each?
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Bud blast- high temp, low light and Leaf scortch- Cool days followed by bright sunshine
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3 biotic diseases in lilies?
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root rots, Botrytis, and viruses.
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3 kinds of lily viruses?
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Lily symptomless virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, and tulip mosaic virus
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2 insect pests in lilies?
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lily aphid and thrips
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What is the current trend in plant propagtion?
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Buy starts and pot up
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Core objective of a plant propagator in nomeculture?
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True to name and true to type
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What PPAF?
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Plant patents on asexually propagated plants
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2 ways to enhance seed?
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Priming and pelleting
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4 stages of seed plug production?
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Sowing to radical emergence, radical emergence to cotyledon expansion, expansion to growth of true leaves, true leaves to toning for shipping
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From the 4 stages in plug production, there are 4 general trends from stage 1 to 4 in each category? Temp, moisture, light, nutrition
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temp- high to low, moist- high to low, light- low to high, nutrition- low to high
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When was east greenhouse made, how big is it. What about west?
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1928-29, 25000Sq FT, Mid 50's, 75000
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Describe the heating in our greenhouses?
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They use steam from the steam plant and hot water.
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Describe the frame of the East greenhouses?
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Wood outside, metal inside
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Why is there plastic in our greenhouse?
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to keep the rain out cause of leaks
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What is unique about the clocks? how much?
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They don't just go off of temperature, they work off numerous things, They can remember your cycle for each crop. Alert you when there is a problem
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How much are the clocks?
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1,700
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Why is the eastside vent auto and the west manual?
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The east side will get less wind so they wont have to worry about it being blown off....
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How on top of the pest problem is Jim and the crew?
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They have a good idea, they do weekly survey's
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What is the biggest pest in OSU?
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Thrips, they can't find a way to control them
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What is the largest disease at OSU
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Powdery mildew
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Standard greenhouse vs. roll tables?
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Standard= 60 grow and 40 walk, roll= 80 grow and 20 walkk
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20-9-20 is a
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nitrate and ammoniacal, but more nitrate
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13-2-13
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is a nitrate and ammoniacal, but far more nitrate that ammonium
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how long is the lily crop cycle?
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7-9 weeks
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The terminal meristem in fuchsia is
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vegetative
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If your a fuchsia grower for propagation it is better to have LD or SD for you stock plants?
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SD, LD will induce flowering
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How are fuchsias propagated?
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Cuttings
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2 propagation methods?
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sexual and asexual
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3 main environmental controls for flowering are
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photoperiod, light intensity, and temp
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