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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Another name for Heaves
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Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease
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Causes of Heaves
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- grain or cereal type feed and shavings
- repeated mucosal allergic challenge in the airways - Hypersensitivity to inhaled environments - fungal spores, plant pollens, other proteins |
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Heaves Symptoms
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exercise intolerance
chronic harsh non-productive coughing loss of weight heave line labored breathing at rest with nostrils flared |
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Heave Line
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marked hypertrophy of the muscle of the caudal-ventral thorax from obvious, extra expiratory push from the abdominal cavity
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Treatment of Heaves
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anti-inflammatory
clenbuterol- bronchodilator move to pasture |
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Recurrent Laryngeal Nueropathy
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paralysis of one of the sides of the larynx nerves including the muscles controlling the vocal cord.
most often the left side |
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Type effected by RLN
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-large horses over 16hh
-shire, hanovarian, dutch warmblood - may also affect TB, Standardbred, and QH - said to affect 80-90% of TB - young horses (2-6 yrs old) -those with a intermandibular space smaller than 3 fingers long |
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Roaring
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inspiratory dyspnea
resistance to air movement, which decreases the intake of oxygen, which decreases the absorption of oxygen in the blood, so the horses is using 3-10 times the amount of energy to move oxygen in and out of the lungs -increases with age |
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Diagnosis of RLN
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Slap test
steth. the neck and slap the back of the neck to measure the latency of the laryngeal reflex or the fluttering of the arytenoid cartilage |
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Treatment of RLN
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- Surgery (laryngoplasty)
tie back the arytenoid cartilage to allow better air movement and relieve pressure. |
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Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage
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Also know as bleeders
related to the intensity of exercise performed |
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Causes of EIPH
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airway obstruction
previous damage to the lungs (rhino or influenza) physical disruption -loss of elasticity as a result of other pulmonary pathology - other etiopathologies others: blood clotting blood thickness impact wave trauma pounding of the hooves trama to dorso-caudal aspect of lungs |
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Symptoms of EIPH
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post-exercise bilateral epistasis (nose bleeds)
severe- distressed cool out slowly cough occasionally swallow during hemorrhage |
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Diagnosis of EIPH
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examining tracheal aspirates
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Treatment of EIPH
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not many
-hematinics -lasixs (diuretic) - decrease blood pressure -lose fluid through urine -furosemide (drug) given before exercise -controversal |
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What is a parasite?
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organism that lives off another at the expense of the host
endo- within the hosts body -loss of nutrients of blood from the host |
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Strongyl
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bloodworm
strongylus vulgaris cyathostome -most common and destructive parasite (but vaccinated very easily) -direct life cycle -found on vegetation and surroundings -resistant to adverse weather because enclosed in a protective sheath |
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Stongyl contracted by
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grazing, eating of ground, drinking water, licking stalls and mangers
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life cycle of a strongyl
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loses sheath -> enter the terminal portion on the small intestine, cecum, and large intestine -> encapsulates -> burrow into small artery walls -> migrate to anterior mesentaric artery (120 d) -> cecum and large colon
(6-7 mo.) |
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Strongyles cause
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disruption of blood flow -cutting off blood to the small intestine, colon, and cecum
thrombi -blood clots inflammation of the internal lining |
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Thrombi
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vegetative blood clots
released and lodge within the arteries of the intestine, colon, heart, kidney, liver, and legs |
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Strongyl symptoms
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fever, poor appetite, weight loss, depression, lethargy, colic, death, unthrifty, dull/ rough coats, impaired performance
phlebitis - inflammation of the vein |
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Ascarids
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Roundworms
-parascaris equorum - passed in manure - affects young horses (suckling and weanings) ,<2 - direct life cycle -10 wks to develop - can be passed to foal crop |
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Ascarids contracted by
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grass, feed, water, licking stall, udder
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Migration of ascarids
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Liver (10 wks) -> alveoli -> coughing up-> small intestine
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Ascarids cause
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inflammation, scaring of the liver and lungs
rupture of the small int. = peritonitis intussesception : one part of the intestine is intervaginated in another one. if severe, colic |
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Ascarid symptoms
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unthrifty, potbellied, rough hair coat, slow growth, depression
cough and nasal discharge |
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Diagnosis of Ascarids
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microscopic fecal exam
- check eggs - horse may not be passing eggs |
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Strongylids
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threadworms
8-9 mo. common amongst 4-47 day olds self cured at 6 mo. |
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contracted strongylids
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dams milk
grazing |
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somatic larvae
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break from the lungs and travel around the systemic circulation before encysting in the tissues
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strongylid migration
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migrate to lungs -> trachea -> swallowed -> small intestine
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Strongylid symptoms
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diarrhea, weight loss, decreased appetite and dehydration,
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Diagnose strongylid
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fecal float
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Tapeworms
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Anoplocephala
perfoliata- most common, magna second pumpkin seed shaped |
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Migration of tape worms
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eggs on oribatid mites (intermediate) -> swallowed by horser-> lining of ileum (6-10 wks)
can form clusters around ileocecal valve |
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Tapeworm symptoms
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poor growth, unthrifty, digestive disturbance from ulceration of cecal mucosa
peritonitis ileocecal interssusception, impaction colic |
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Diagnosis of tapeworms
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feca float test not usually consistent
blood test for specific antigens |
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Small Strongyl
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Cyanthostomes
resides in intestine difficult for immune system to defend |
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Life of a small strongyl
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swallowed -> mucosa of the large intestine ->tough capsule forms-> protected from immune system and most dewormers
can remain dormant for a year while encysted |
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Symptomes of small strongyls
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irritate intestinal lining, diarrhea, weight loss, anemia, impaired gut motility, weakness, muscle waste, serious colic
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Benzimidazole
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Panacur
Safe-guard |
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Macrocyclic lactones
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Avermectins
Melbemycins Isoquinoline Tetrahydropyrimidines |
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Avermectin
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Ivermectin (Zimerecterin)
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Melbemycins
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Moxidectin (Quest)
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Isoquinoline
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Praziquantel
Zimecterin Gold |
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Tetrahydropyrimidines
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Pyrantel Palmoate
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Treatment for Tapeworms
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double dose of pyrantel
praziquantel |
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Treatment of Bots
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Ivermectin
Moxidectin |
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Encysted small strongyles treatment
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Moxidectin
5 day Panacur Powerpac |
