Horse Management Final Exam

Front 1

charateristics of wobbles

Back 1

incoord in hind quarters
degeneration of 3rd and 4th spinal vert

Front 2

what breeds are prone to epitheliogenesis imperfecta

Back 2

saddlebreds, qhorses, belgians

Front 3

what happens to foals with epitheliogenesis imperfecta

Back 3

aborted or stillborn-missing skin on rump, neck, legs

Front 4

inheritance of epitheliogenesis imperfecta

Back 4

autosomal recessive
both parents are carriers

Front 5

definition of blemish

Back 5

looks bad but doesnt affect horses work

Front 6

definition of unsoundness

Back 6

directly interferes with servicability. can be temporary or permanent

Front 7

soft surfaces create what issues?
hard surfaces create what issues?

Back 7

soft=soft tissue injuries (ligaments)
hard=issues for hard tissues-bone, cart

Front 8

characteristics of blindness...kinda a given

Back 8

cloudy eyes, dialated pupils, hesitant movement

Front 9

what is periodic opthalmia

Back 9

moon blindness
a step infection that makes antigens to irritate eyes, may lead to total blindness. unsoundness

Front 10

night blindness

Back 10

caused by vit a deficiency
temp unsound

Front 11

what is parrot or monkey mouth?

Back 11

parrot-overshot jaw
monkey-undershot
unsoundness
genetic
may lead to issues consuming feed

Front 12

describe fistulais withers

Back 12

bruise and pressure from saddle, can take a long time to heal
temp unsoundness
-permanent lameness if bursa is damaged

Front 13

bucked shins-what are they

Back 13

like shin splints in humans
DMD
sore shins in young horses worked at high speeds
need lots of rest
Temp unsound

Front 14

bowed tendon

Back 14

strain causes damage to superficial dig flexor tendon
unsoundness

Front 15

what contributes to bowed tendons

Back 15

over exertion and fatigue
long toes
training surfaces that are inadequate

Front 16

what defines a carpal fracture

Back 16

hyperextension of the knee
from poor conformation
unsoundness or just temp unsound

Front 17

ringbone- what is it

Back 17

new bone growth in 1st and 3nd phalanges
caused by trauma or concussion
arthritis in older horses
unsoundness-light riding may be ok

Front 18

what is sidebone?

Back 18

calcification of lateral cartilige of hoof
lame during the calcification time, then it is only a blemish

Front 19

define splints

Back 19

bone remodeling of 2nd and 4th metacarpal bones due to increased concussion
can be temp unsound or blemish

Front 20

what is sesamoiditis

Back 20

degenerative sesamoid (proximal_ inflammation and possible fractures
caused by over use around joints, swollen ankles
t

Front 21

what is navicular disease

Back 21

degeneration of distal sesamoid bone, irritation of deep flexor tendon
unsoundness

Front 22

what is stifled?

Back 22

patella is displaced upward and to inside. locks and wont slip back
can happen when horse is out of shape and cant extend leg
temp unsound

Front 23

what is stringhald

Back 23

involuntary flexion of hock
unsoundness-no cure

Front 24

what is a capped hock

Back 24

enlarged point of hock caused by bruising
can be B, US or TUS

Front 25

qhat is bog spavin

Back 25

distended hock joint capsule
synovial membrane is inflamed
post legged,
blemish

Front 26

what is thoroughpin

Back 26

enlargement of hollow of hock, can push from one side of the leg to another
blemish, unsoundness/temp

Front 27

what is bone spavin in horses

Back 27

big problem
new bone growth in the hock.
from conforrmation issues (post legged, cow hocked, sickle hock)
unsoundness, arthritis, pain

Front 28

what is curb

Back 28

enlarged plantar lig below the hock
can be t or b

Front 29

effects of detrimental parasites-4 things

Back 29

lowers feed efficiency
reduces performance
can kill horse
affects digestion

Front 30

symptoms of a worm issue

Back 30

can develop slowly
rough hair coat
low bcs
weak
colic, diarrhea
pot bellied
lower immunity
prone to lameness

Front 31

3 ways to deworm-what is most popular

Back 31

past is most popular
other forms, nasogastric tube and pellets

Front 32

facts about strongid c

Back 32

deworm with ivermectin first
then fed eod
it works well but is expensive

Front 33

purpose of rotating classes of dewormers

Back 33

not critical, but gets rid of bots
use ivermectin in fall!

Front 34

how to be effective with deworming

Back 34

must treat all horses on the property

Front 35

dosing and deworming

Back 35

it is ok to give 1200lbn dose to 1000lb horse

Front 36

deworming schedule

Back 36

deworm every 3-4 mon
(every 3 months in horses housed closely)
weanings and yearlins - every 2 months

Front 37

name 6 kinds of worms

Back 37

ascarids
strongyles
strongyloides westeri
bots
pinworms
habronema

Front 38

facts about ascarids

Back 38

aka roundworms
live 10-12 weeks-larvae are most problematic
adults can develop immunity-greater prob in foals
steam stalls to kill eggs

Front 39

lifecycles of worms:

Back 39

ascarids: 10-12 weeks
strongyles: 6 mon
bots: 11-12 mon

Front 40

dangers of strongyles

Back 40

can lead to scar tiss, anemia, lameness
horses are only host
block blood in intestine and muscle

Front 41

what are strongyloides westeri

Back 41

smaller than true strongule
foals are infected via dam's milk
deworm mares!

Front 42

what are bots

Back 42

insect as adult, not a worm
looks like a fly
larval stage is a parasite.
in stomach all winter can lead to gastric rupture
eggs hatch and larvae in stomach when horse licks chest and legs

Front 43

what are pinworms

Back 43

located around horse's tailhead
yellow stick eggs cause itching
not harmful

Front 44

what are habronema

Back 44

stomach worm
fly gives larvae to horse,

Front 45

symptoms of rabies

Back 45

facial paralysis
lameness
anoerexia
teeth grinding
be concerned if horse has bite on the nose

Front 46

another name for tetanus

Back 46

lockjaw

Front 47

symptoms of tetanus

Back 47

muscle spasms
prolapsed 3rd eyelid
puncture wounds

Front 48

2 types of injections

Back 48

antitoxin-kills organsm. short duration (2 weeks)
toxoid-typical. effective after 2 weeks

Front 49

encephalomyelitis-sleeping sickness
symptoms

Back 49

high temp
hypersensitivity
drowsiness
abnormal gait, depression, sedated look

Front 50

carriers and trasmitters of EE in horses

Back 50

birds are carriers
mosquitos transmit to horses
so vacc in spring in summer before mosq arrive

Front 51

facts about WNV

Back 51

less of a concern now. started on the east, only one horse in michigan who had it in recent years
immunity develops from exposure

Front 52

which types of horses should get flu vacc

Back 52

show horses
young
old
2 initial injections then booster yearly

Front 53

symptoms of rhino

Back 53

high temp, cough, clear discharge
abortion

Front 54

symptoms of strangles

Back 54

inflamed lymph nodes btwn jaws
thick nasal discharge
caused by bacteria
dont give anitibiotics because it can come back worse. just rest.

Front 55

equine protozoal myelitis (epm)
symptoms

Back 55

lack of coordination
difficulty eating

caused by possums!

Front 56

difficulties with testing for epm

Back 56

60% of blood tested horses show positive. spinal tap may be effective.
if horses rest they can get better
'trainers friend'

Front 57

what happens if there is rear leg unsoundness

Back 57

hip hike

Front 58

what happens if there is front leg unsoundness

Back 58

head bobs

down on sound

Front 59

what it could mean if horse has preference to a certain lead

Back 59

lameness
trained for one lead only
if r lead, l leg could be bothersome

Front 60

hind leg lameness

Back 60

if horse wants to go to right, its left ind leg. so leg doesnt have to move as far forward

Front 61

cross cantering

Back 61

wrong lead behing.
right: rh...lh and lf...rh..suspensory

Front 62

potomac horse fever
what happens and symptoms

Back 62

caused by rickettsia germ that inhabits wbc
horses have appetite loss, relapse into fever, diarrhea, colic, founder...

vacc not necessarily effective

Front 63

equine infectious anemia (eia)
symptoms

Back 63

anemia, lower limb swelling
high temp, lack of app, weakness, jaundice

Front 64

testing for eia

Back 64

coggins test. if tested positive, horse is euth

Front 65

options if horse tests positive for EIA

Back 65

QUAINTINE 1/4MI FROM OTHER EQUIDS
KEEP IN INSECT FREE ENCLOSURE
EITH WITH PROPER DISPOSAL
SHIP TO APPROVED SLAUGHTER

FREEZEBRAND 34A on neck

Front 66

name metabolic disorders

Back 66

colic,
founder/laminites
heaves
roaring
tying up
anhydrosis

Front 67

colic symptoms

Back 67

increased heart rate, blood press, temp
restlessness, pawing
repeatedly lying down, rolling, nipping at sides, no gut sounds/fecal passage

Front 68

2 causes of colic

Back 68

feeding mismanagement
heavy parasite infestations

Front 69

3 types of colic

Back 69

spasmodic
flatulent
obstructive

Front 70

advice for feeding to prevent colic

Back 70

feed by weight, not volume!
feed at regular intervals
dont let creep feed get empty for foals
feed roughage-ad lib unless fat
secure feed so horses cant get to it

Front 71

what is spasmodic colic

Back 71

irritation to gi tract caused by parasites, migration, or abusive diet

Front 72

what is flatulent colic

Back 72

gas
usually involves cecum and lg colon
excess carbs
methane production then streches intesting. very painful

Front 73

what is obstructive colic

Back 73

impaction. when feed is undigested and blocks gi tract

Front 74

common cause for colic in foals

Back 74

ascarids

Front 75

common cause for colic in adult horses

Back 75

inadequate h2o uptake

Front 76

symptoms of laminitis

Back 76

hot feet, t pulse
rock to back feet
reluctant to stand, move

Front 77

laminitis is a systematic disease caused by _____ (4 factors)

Back 77

grain: too much, not enough time to digest starch so goes to hindgut
foal founder: mare retains placenta
grass founder: insulin resistant horses more prone
road founder: work on pavement

Front 78

3 phases of founder

Back 78

developmental
acute
chronic

Front 79

describe developmental phase of founder

Back 79

lameness begins
changes in endocrine sys. kidneys, blood cotting system, microbe change in hindgut
can prevent if treated early

Front 80

description of acute phase of founder

Back 80

from start of lameness until 2 days later
or until separation of coffin bone from hoof wall
lack of oxygen in geet, reduced cap blood flow
without oxygen, acute becomes chronic

Front 81

chronic

Back 81

if coffin bone rotates, will occur for a lifetime
rings on hoof or excess hoof growth
coffin bone may break through sole

Front 82

another word for pulmonary emphysema

Back 82

heaves

Front 83

what causes heaves

Back 83

chronic cough in dusty areas, feed
heave line appears
no cure, but management can reduce problem

Front 84

laryngeal hemiplesia aka

Back 84

roaring-

damage to laryngeal nerve.
loss of muscular control to vocal chords.
surgery may help
prevelent in horses with long necks

Front 85

tying up aka

Back 85

monday morning disease
azoturia

Front 86

symptoms of tying up

Back 86

muscular tremors and pain after a day off
unable to move
reddish urine
muscles become hard

Front 87

tying up is common in

Back 87

nervous high strung fillies

Front 88

what is anhydrosis

Back 88

absence of sweating
horses can overheat

Front 89

management to prevent anhydrosis

Back 89

dont exercise in humid heat
provide shade
stop and hose horse off if it occurs while working

Front 90

causes of anhydrosis

Back 90

may be due to epinepherin lvls.
body is desensities to triggers for sweat.

Front 91

HYPP

Back 91

hyperkalemic periodic paralysis

Front 92

symptoms of hypp

Back 92

episodes of muscular fasiculsations
weakness
stems from Impressive
need to feed them low potassium

Front 93

name genetic disorders

Back 93

hypp
cid
neonatal isoertyrolysis
hemophilia
lethal whites
lethal dominant roan
white foal syndrome
atresia coli
anal atresia.....more

Front 94

what is CID
what breed is it commonly seen in

Back 94

mostly seen in arabs
immune system failure
foals die by 4-5mon
autosomal recessive

Front 95

what is neonatal isoerythrodysis

Back 95

RBCs of foal are destroyed by antibodies in colostrum
common in TBs
not seen in mares 1st foal-rare
can test mares colustrum prior to foaling. prevent foal from nursing from mare.

Front 96

hemophilia

Back 96

commmon in tbreds, arabs, sbreds, qh
lack of blood coag upon injury
sex linked recessive
mare transmits to 1/2 of sons.
nearly any injury can result in death

Front 97

lethal whites

Back 97

lethal when WW (dom homozy)
when 2 whites are mated Ww Ww
death in utero

Front 98

lethal dominant roan

Back 98

due to gene that causes roan color
lethal in utero when Rn Rn

Front 99

white foal syndrom or iliocolonic aganglionosis

Back 99

2 frame overo paints mate
digestive system defects in foal. cannot form nerves to GI tract
milk build up- colic

Front 100

what is atresia coli

Back 100

part of white foal syndrome, and in tbred foals
get increasingly server colic within first day die.
severed lg intestine

Front 101

anal atresia

Back 101

no anal orifice
rare recessive mutated dominant gene
surgery rarely successful

Front 102

hydrocephalus
aka waterhead

Back 102

accumulation of cerbrospinal fluid
can cause dystocia
abnormal spinal column.
lethal-prob dominant mutation

Front 103

umbilical hernia

Back 103

relatively common
may be inherited
usually not serious unless large oipening

Front 104

crytochidism

Back 104

failure of testicular descent
can be inherited

dont use for breeding
hard to castrate

Front 105

wobbles

Back 105

incoordination, mainly in hindquarters rare in older horses
degeration of spinal ccolumn 2 and 4th vert