Horse Management Exam 2

Front 1

what happens to de as fiber increases

Back 1

de decreases

Front 2

what can happen to horses if u abruptly change feed?

Back 2

gastric upset
change in microbial population

Front 3

what mineral may be deficient in michigan?

Back 3

selenium

Front 4

what does bolting feed mean? and how do u prevent it

Back 4

eat too fast

place rocks in container. spread feed out

Front 5

what is the purpose of creep feeding

Back 5

block mares from food
provide ad lib so foals wont eat a ton

Front 6

why is it bad to feed other livestock food for horses

Back 6

ionophores- toxi to horses. may have dewormers and other things in it

Front 7

how is the live foal productuion rate calculated

Back 7

number of registration certificates over number of mares bred

Front 8

why would a foal not be registered

Back 8

dont care to, gets injured dies, poor conformation, not allowed to register

Front 9

total loss of foals from birth to weaning-%

Back 9

25%

Front 10

what is flushing

Back 10

works with multiple ovulators. increases plane of nutrition

Front 11

what is flushing?

Back 11

increasing bcs prior to ovulation.

Front 12

what bcs do u normally want throughout a mares lige

Back 12

5-6

Front 13

2 important c words in horse training

Back 13

consistency and contingency

Front 14

ray hunt quote

Back 14

make the right thing easy and the wrong thing hard

Front 15

stallions should be gelded unless

Back 15

great conformation, pedigree, performance record

Front 16

what does epimeletic mean

Back 16

nurturing behavior

Front 17

what does et-epimeletic mean

Back 17

seeking attention

Front 18

what does allelomimetic mean

Back 18

mimicking

Front 19

how much can a growing horse gain per day

Back 19

2lbs

Front 20

why do we want fast growth rate for horses

Back 20

mature earlier in life
growth is pushed for sales and races
mostly for $$

Front 21

is size a big advantage in racing?

Back 21

no

Front 22

what is dod due to?

Back 22

genetics
nutrient imbalances - ca to p
forced exercise early in life- circles

Front 23

examples of devel. orthiopedic diseases

Back 23

osteochon
epiphysitis

Front 24

4 considerations when feeding growing horses

Back 24

protein
inverted ca:p ratios
commercial horse feeds
nutrient-calorie ratio

Front 25

what is limiting aa in rapidly growing animals

Back 25

lysine

Front 26

what is high in protein?

Back 26

soybean meal

Front 27

low in protein

Back 27

cotton seed, corn, oats

Front 28

what does inverted ca:p rations lead to

Back 28

bone disorders. most grains have more p than ca. provide forage

Front 29

name something with inverted ca p ratio

Back 29

rice bran

Front 30

what happens with inverted ca p ratio

Back 30

big head disease
calcium pulled from bone, becomes porus. pth released to sequester more ca. can cause lameness

Front 31

what is flushing?

Back 31

increasing bcs prior to ovulation.

Front 32

what bcs do u normally want throughout a mares lige

Back 32

5-6

Front 33

2 important c words in horse training

Back 33

consistency and contingency

Front 34

ray hunt quote

Back 34

make the right thing easy and the wrong thing hard

Front 35

stallions should be gelded unless

Back 35

great conformation, pedigree, performance record

Front 36

what does epimeletic mean

Back 36

nurturing behavior

Front 37

what does et-epimeletic mean

Back 37

seeking attention

Front 38

what does allelomimetic mean

Back 38

mimicking

Front 39

how much can a growing horse gain per day

Back 39

2lbs

Front 40

why do we want fast growth rate for horses

Back 40

mature earlier in life
growth is pushed for sales and races
mostly for $$

Front 41

what do rations need to be formulaated based on?

Back 41

nutrient: calorie ratio. g/mcal de

Front 42

how do u calculate ratios

Back 42

divide amount of nutrient by amount of de in diet.

Front 43

nutrition recommendations for growing horse- pre weaning

Back 43

creep feed
available 24/7

Front 44

nutrition recommendations for post weaned horses

Back 44

feed weanlings 2-3.5% bw in grain/ay
make feedings frequent not recommended to have more concentrate than hay

Front 45

what is major concern for performance horses

Back 45

fatigue

Front 46

name 3 energy systems

Back 46

creatine phosphate
glycolysis
aerobic

Front 47

describe creatine p system

Back 47

short lived
immediate energy production
lasts 6-8 sec
not affected by exercise/diet

Front 48

is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic

Back 48

anaerobic

Front 49

wht kind of activity does glycolysis aid

Back 49

intermed length activity- 2-3 min
glycogen is main energy substrate
glyc utilization and storage is affected by diet

Front 50

lactic acid

Back 50

good. allows for anaerobic exercise, found in blood, soreness = tear in muslce

Front 51

what does aerobic require

Back 51

o2
good for endurance activities: over 3-4 min
provides 36 atp

Front 52

that are the 3 energy systems used for

Back 52

energy for muscle through breaking atp bonds. supplies atp

Front 53

limiting factors of energy systems

Back 53

lactate production
finite supply of glycogen and atp
ability to supply o2 to muscle

Front 54

in regards to teeth: #8

Back 54

8 days- center incisors- 6 come in
8 weeks: intermediates come in
8 months: corners come in

Front 55

when do all 3 premolars come in?

Back 55

within 1st 2 weeks

Front 56

describe cups:when do they go out of baby teeth

Back 56

1 yr-centers
1.5 yrs intermeds
2 yrs- corners

Front 57

when do horsse cut perm teeth

Back 57

2.5 yrs centers
3.5 yrs intermeds
4.5 corners

Front 58

when do horses have all perm molars?

Back 58

by 4. said to have 'full mouth'

Front 59

what are caps

Back 59

temp teeth. molars and premolars. slow in coming off. may remain on top of incoming perm teeth

Front 60

nickname for 11 yr olds mouth

Back 60

smooth mouth

Front 61

what are galvaynes groove

Back 61

appear on upper corners when horse is about 11 or older. gets longer with age.

Front 62

4 things that happen to teeth as horse ages

Back 62

angle of incidence increases
teeth wear down
gums recede
teeth become more triangular

Front 63

describe wolf teeth

Back 63

embryonic remnants of 1st premolar. usually upper jay, both male and female. not canines

Front 64

canine teeth

Back 64

btwn incisors and molars. show at 4-5 yrs.
almost always in males. only remove if infected

Front 65

floating

Back 65

teeth may not wear evenly. rasp edges of molars. look for sharp points, etrs-excessive transverse ridges, wavy mouth

Front 66

what normally happens to blood glucose during exercise

Back 66

increases unless muscle gluycogen is depleted

Front 67

what do we want to feed for in performance horses?

Back 67

feed to max muscle glycogen storage

Front 68

what is formed as glycogen is utilized in absense of o2

Back 68

lactate

Front 69

3 things to consider for equine athlete diet

Back 69

glycogen sparing
inclusion of fat that increases diet energy density
fat supplementation doesnt affect digestibilty

Front 70

use for glycogen sparing

Back 70

feeding fat can promote glyc sparing . fat used during aerobic exercise. almost doubles storage.

Front 71

how to burn fat

Back 71

need oxygen. burned in aerobic exercise. this depletes fat and saves glycogen. will use glycogen if fat isnt in diet

Front 72

do u feed more or less with inclusion of fat to increase energy density of diet?

Back 72

less. fudge vs. lettuce

Front 73

does fat supplementation affect digestibilty of diet?

Back 73

no

Front 74

if we want to feed 6% fat and horse is on 50% hay and 50% grain. how much fat in grain?

Back 74

3% because half of diet is hay

Front 75

cons to high fat

Back 75

expensive

Front 76

what happens to blood glucose in fat added diets?

Back 76

blood glucose is higher

Front 77

suprising results for fat supp horses

Back 77

takes longer for heart rates to recover to resting. reason: they worked harder.

Front 78

other benefits of feeding fat

Back 78

can help keep horse cool- dig of carbs creates gut heat. no heat of dig for fat.

Front 79

high fiber diets in regards to heat

Back 79

will need more calories to keep cool in heat

Front 80

bcs and performance: mod vs thin
too high bcs

Back 80

more muscle glyc
excess weight, heat load, injuries

Front 81

protein and performance

Back 81

excess prot doesnt enhance perf
can be neggatice. excess dietary n excreted by kids- requires energy. more urine and ammonia. prot doesnt equate to high energy

Front 82

what musclular event occurs during training

Back 82

muscle hypertriphy

Front 83

what % of prot is suff for mature perf horses

Back 83

10%. extra geed to meet energy needs will provide the extra protein needed for muscles.

Front 84

only vit that may need supplementatio nfor perf horses

Back 84

thiamin for high stress. b vits help increase appetite

Front 85

what mineral needs increase with exercise

Back 85

na, cl- lost through sweating

Front 86

what amount of salt meets diet needs

Back 86

1%
provide salt block. sodium is only mineral horses have appetite for

Front 87

what can caffeine help with?

Back 87

endurance exercise- not sprints

Front 88

rabies symptoms

Back 88

facial paralysis, lameness, anoerxia, teeth grinding

Front 89

injection for rabies

Back 89

1x yearly

Front 90

another word for tetanus

Back 90

lock jaw

Front 91

symp of tetanus

Back 91

spasmodic constant muscle rigidy. prolapsed 3rd eyelid. puncture wounds

Front 92

injections for tetanus

Back 92

2 inj inittially, yearly booster after

Front 93

mortality rate for tetanus

Back 93

50%

Front 94

2 types of tetanus injections/durations

Back 94

antitoxin-kills org, short duration, 2 weeks
and toxoid-effective after 2 weeks
vacc mare with toxoid 1mon b4 foaling-foal gets antitoxin in colostrum

Front 95

another name for encephalomyelitis

Back 95

sleeping sickness

Front 96

symp of encephalomyelitis

Back 96

high temp, hypersens, drowsy, abnormal gait, sedated look

Front 97

3 strains of enceph

Back 97

eee, wee, vee

Front 98

vacc for enceph

Back 98

good for all 3 strains. vacc in spring and summer

Front 99

how is enceph transmitted

Back 99

mosquitos

Front 100

facts about wnv

Back 100

new disease so freak out. pretty much immune now

Front 101

flu suymptoms

Back 101

high temp, decrease app, WATERY nasal discharge

Front 102

flu vacc

Back 102

may not be effectige- many strains. give to show horses-ones that cannot take time off. stess predisposes
2 initial injec. yearly booster after. given every 3 mon in young working

Front 103

rhino symo

Back 103

t=high temop, cough, clear nasal , abortion, neuro cases

Front 104

nasal discharge in flu, rhino, strangles

Back 104

flu-watery
rhino- clear
strangles- thick

Front 105

what strain causes abortions

Back 105

ehv-1, 4 is just resp disease

Front 106

symp of strangles

Back 106

inflamed lymph nodes, btwn jaws, absesses, off feed, high temp

Front 107

what is strangles caused by

Back 107

streptococcus equi. bacteria

Front 108

vaccine for strangles.

Back 108

bacterial so questionable effectiveness.

Front 109

antibiotics

Back 109

can work for strangles but dont give becasue can come back worse. giving anti for flu can prevent 2ndary vinfections

Front 110

epm

Back 110

equine protozoal myelitis

Front 111

sympt of epm

Back 111

lack of coord, difficulty eating, affects nerv sys. swelling.

Front 112

cause of epm

Back 112

ptozoal- sarcocystis falcatula. possums eat dead birds, shed oocysts in feces

Front 113

testing for epm

Back 113

can do blood sample. 60% of horses show exposed...not effective. spinal tap is better although some horses give false positive- if only 7 rbs get in sample.

Front 114

why is epm trainers friend

Back 114

assume lack of perf is epm, ivve rest. cvan get better.