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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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vasodilator released locally at sites of trauma, inflammation and allergic reaction
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histamine
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How is histamine synthesized?
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from histidine via histadine decarboxylase
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where is the H1 receptor found and what does it cause?
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smooth muscle, endothelium, CNS tissue; causes vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, vascular permeability, smooth muscle activation, pain and itching
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Where is the H2 receptor found and how does it function
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gastric parietal cells---stimulates secretion of gastric acid
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what cells release histamine
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basophils and mast cells
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how is histamine degrated
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histamine N-methyltransferase and diamine oxidase, also possibly taken up by a transporter
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generic name for Allegra
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fexofenadine
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generic name for Benadryl
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diphenhydramine
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generic name for Claritin
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Loratadine
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suppression of edema, flare and pruitis can result from blocking which histamine receptor
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H1
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causes relaxation of smooth muscle via cGMP pathway
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nitric oxide
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enzyme that synthesizes NO
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nitric oxide synthas (NOS)
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Processing, packaging and secretion of NO
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None--NO diffused out of cell immediately
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positive regulators of NO? negative?
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+: ACh, bradykinin, shear stress, nitrovasodilators, cytokines
-: glucocorticoids |
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NO plays role in cardiovasular, beta cell, respiratory, immune system, and vascular disease. What treatments are used to incrase NO activity?
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nitrovasodilators and inhibitors of cGMP phosphodiesterase
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vasoconstrictor that induces platelet aggregation during clotting
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thromboxane
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which two eicosanois are antagonistic?
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thromboxane and prostacyclin
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vasodilator that inhibits platelet aggregation
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prostacyclin
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what drugs inhibit COX1 and COX2
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aspirin, NSAIDS
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what is immediate precursor of prostacyclin?
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PGH2
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eicosanoids that function in chemotaxis, inflammation and allergic reactions
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leukotrienes
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leukotriene that recruits neutrophils and eosinophils to site of inflammation
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LTB4
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eicosanoids that mediate muscle contration, inflammation, calcium movement and hormone regulation
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prostaglandins
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Diacylglycerol and phospholipics are converted to arachidonic acid by what 2 enzymes?
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phospholipase C and phospholipase A, respectively
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PGH2 sythase converts arachidonic acid into PGH2. What two enzymes make up PGH2 synthase?
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it is a combo of peroxidase and COX1 or COX2
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What eicosanoids are made from PGH2?
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prostaglandins, thromboxane, and prostacyclin
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Lipooxygenase converts arachidonic acid to what?
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HPETE--the precursor to the leukotrienes
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how to leukotrienes assist in pathophysiology of asthma?
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airflow obstuction due to bronchoconstrictin, increased secretion of mucus, infiltration of inflammatory cells
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what diseases are associated with eicosanoids?
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inflammation, allergic reactions, asthma, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis
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collective name for phosopholipase A2 inhibitory proteins
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lipocortins
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what blocks pathways of eicosanoid synthesis by stimulating synthesis of lipocortins
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corticosteroids
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irreversible inhibitor of COX? competetive inhibitors?
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aspirin; ibuprofen and acetaminophen
(NSAIDS) |
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P450 catalyzes what conversion?
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cholesterol to pregnenolone
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what is the precursor of progesterone? progesterone is a precursor for what 2 hormones?
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pregnenolone is precursor for progesterone; progesterone is a precursor for corticosterone and aldosterone
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hormone produced by adrenal cortex that increases blood pressure, blood glucose, and suppresses the immune system
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cortisol
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