Hormones

Front 1

TRH

Back 1

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Hypothalamus
Stimulates secretion of TSH and prolactin
- T3 converted from circulating T4

Front 2

CRH

Back 2

Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Hypothalamus
Stimulates secretion of ACTH
- Cortisol

Front 3

GnRH

Back 3

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Hypothalamus
Stimulates secretion of LH and FSH

Front 4

GHRH

Back 4

Growth hormone releasing hormone
Hypothalamus
Stimulates secretion of growth hormone, inhibits hypothalamus

Front 5

SRIF

Back 5

Somatotropin release-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin)
Hypothalamus
Inhibits secretion of growth hormone
+ Somatomedins, GH

Front 6

PIF

Back 6

Prolactin-inhibiting factor (dopamine)
Hypothalamus
Inhibits secretion of prolactin
+ Prolactin

Front 7

TSH

Back 7

Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Anterior pituitary
Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones
- T3 conversion from T4

Front 8

FSH

Back 8

Follicle-stimulating hormone
Anterior pituitary
Stimulates growth of ovarian follicles and estrogen secretion (granulosa cells)
Promotes sperm maturation (Sertoli cells)
+ GnRH
- Inhibin, estrogen

Front 9

LH

Back 9

Luteinizing hormone
Anterior pituitary
Stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, and synthesis of estrogen (granulosa cells) and prgesterone (theca cells)
Stimulates synthesis and secretion of testosterone (leydig cells)
+ GnRH
- Testosterone, estrogen

Front 10

GH

Back 10

Growth hormone (cortisol permisive)
Anterior pituitary
Stimulates protein synthesis, lipolysis
Inhibits glucose uptake
+ sleep, stress, puberty, hypoglycemia, excercise, GHRH(major)
- somatostatin, IGF, pregnancy, hyperglycemia

Front 11

Prolactin

Back 11

Anterior pituitary
Stimulates milk production and breast development
Inhibits ovulation and spermatogenesis
- Dopamine(PIF)
+ TRH (minor)

Front 12

ACTH

Back 12

Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Anterior pituitary
Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones
+ CRH, hypoxemia, excercise, stress, hypoglycemia
- Cortisol

Front 13

Beta-lipotropin

Back 13

Anterior pituitary
?function? in human

Front 14

MSH

Back 14

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Anterior pituitary
Stimulates melanin synthesis (? humans)

Front 15

ADH

Back 15

Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
Supraoptic nuclei
Stimulates H2O reabsorption by renal collecting ducts
+ high serum osmolarity, low BP, nausea
- low serum osmolarity, ANP, alpha-Agonists, ethanol, high Ca2+

Front 16

Oxytocin

Back 16

Paraventricular Nuclei
Milk ejection and uterine contraction
+ Suckling, dilation of cervix
- Opioids, endorphins

Front 17

T4, T3

Back 17

L-thyroxine, Triiodothronine
Thyroid gland (follicular cells)
Increases skeletal growth, O2 consumption, cardiac output, heat production, fuel catabolism, maturation of nervous system (perinatal)
+ TSH

Front 18

Cortisol

Back 18

Glucocorticoids
Adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata)
Stimulates gluconeogenesis
Anti-inflammatory, immunosupression, up-regulate alpha1-receptors
+ ACTH

Front 19

Estradiol

Back 19

Ovary (granulosa cell)
Synthesized from testosterone by aromatase
Growth and development of female reproductive organs, maintains pregnanacy, lowers contractile threshold for uterus, stimulates prolactin production
Negative feedback in follicular phase and luteal phase
Positive feedback during ovulation
+ FSH

Front 20

Progesterone

Back 20

Ovary (theca cells)
Synthesis from pregnelone
Maintains pregnancy, develops breasts, raises uterine contractile threshold, maintains secretory activity of uterus in luteal phase
Negative feedback to hypothalamus in luteal phase
+ LH

Front 21

Testosterone

Back 21

Leydig cells
5alpha reductase -> DHEA
Spermatogenesis, male secondary sex characteristics, secretory activity
Inhibits LH and GnRH secretion
+ LH

Front 22

PTH

Back 22

Parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid gland (chief cells)
Incrases serum [Ca2+], resorption of bone, renal reabsorption, intestinal absorption
Decreases serum [phosphate], inhibit renal reabsorption
+ low [Ca2+]
- high [Ca2+]

Front 23

Calcitonin

Back 23

Parathyroid gland (parafollicular cells)
Decreases serum [Ca2+], inhibits bone resorption
+ high serum [Ca2+]

Front 24

Aldosterone

Back 24

Adrenal cortex (zona glomerulosa)
Increases renal Na+ reabsorption, water reabsorption, K+ secretion, and H+ secretion
+ Angiotensin II, hyperkalemia, 10%BV loss, CRH, ACTH

Front 25

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

Back 25

Kidney (activation)
Increases Ca2+, intestinal absorption, renal reabsorption, bone resorption
Increases intestinal [PO4-] absorption
+ low serum [Ca2+], high PTH, low serum [PO4-]

Front 26

Insulin

Back 26

Pancreas (beta cells)
Decreases blood [glucose], [amino acid], and [fatty acid], decreases blood [K+]
+ high blood D-glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, GH, cortisol, GIP, Glucagon
- low blood glucose, somatostatin

Front 27

Glucagon

Back 27

Pancreas (alpha cells)
Increases blood [glucose] and [fatty acid], increases glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, increases urea production
+ low blood glucose, high amino acids, CCK, catecholamines
- high blood glucose, somatostatin, insulin

Front 28

HCG

Back 28

Human chorionic gonadotropin
Placenta
Increases estrogen and progesterone synthesis in corpus luteum in pregnanacy

Front 29

HPL

Back 29

Human placental lactogen
Placenta
Same actions as growth hormone and prolactin during pregnancy

Front 30

Androgen

Back 30

DHEA + A
Adrenal cortex (zona reticularis)
Precursors of testosterone and estradiol

Front 31

Inhibin

Back 31

Sertoli cells
Inhibits FSH and GnRH secretion
+ Activin, FSH, testosterone
- Follistatin