Hormones

Front 1

GHRH

Back 1

target: anterior pituitary (AP)
function: stimulate release of GH

Front 2

Somatostatin (GHIH)

Back 2

target: AP
function: inhibit relaes of GH and TSH

Front 3

GnRH

Back 3

target: AP
function: stimulate release of LH and FSH

Front 4

TRH

Back 4

target: AP
Function: stimulate release of TSH

Front 5

CRH

Back 5

target: AP
Function: stimulate release of ACTH

Front 6

PRH

Back 6

target: AP
function: Stimulate release of prolactin

Front 7

PIH

Back 7

target: AP
Function: inhibit release of prolactin

Front 8

Oxytocin

Back 8

stored in: posterior pituitary (PP)
target: smooth muscle of uterus and smooth muscle around mammary glands/ducts
function: stimulate uterine contractions, stimulate milk release “let down”
release regulated by: PRH, PIH, Suckling, positive feedback

Front 9

ADH

Back 9

stored in: posterior pituitary (PP)
target: kidneys
function: stimulate water retention (decrease urine production) to increase blood volume and pressure
release regulated by: CRH, blood pressure

Front 10

GH

Back 10

Target: most tissues, especially skeletal muscle
Function: stimulate protein synthesis, growth, fat mobilization for energy, glucose conservation
Secretion regulated by: GHIH, GRH, negative feedback

Front 11

TSH

Back 11

Target: thyroid
Function: stimulate thyroid development, secretion of TH
Secretion regulated by: TRH, GHIH, negative feedback

Front 12

MSH

Back 12

Target: melanocytes
Function: stimulate melanin production
Secretion regulated by: hypothalamus, nervous system

Front 13

ACTH

Back 13

Target: adrenal cortex
Function: stimulate secretion of corticosteroids to combat stress
Secretion regulated by: CRH, negative feedback

Front 14

FSH

Back 14

Target: gonads
Function: stimulate egg production, sperm production
Secretion regulated by: GnRH, negative feedback

Front 15

LH

Back 15

Target: gonads
Function: stimulate secretion of testosterone, induce ovulation, stimulate secretion of estrogen and progesterone
Secretion regulated by: GnRH, negative feedback

Front 16

Prolactin

Back 16

Target: mammary glands
Function: stimulate milk production and storage
Secretion regulated by: PRH, PIH, Estrogen, Suckling

Front 17

Other hormones

Back 17

...

Front 18

TH

Back 18

Produced by: thyroid gland
Target: most cells
Function: stimulate oxygen use in sugar/fat catabolism, stimulate protein synthesis, increase body temperature ( main metabolic hormone)
Secretion regulated by: TRH, TSH, GHIH, [I], negative feedback

Front 19

Calcitonin

Back 19

Produced by: thyroid gland
Target: osteoblasts
Function: stimulate bone production to decrease blood [Ca++]
Secretion regulated by: blood [Ca++]

Front 20

Parathyroid hormone

Back 20

Produced by: parathyroid gland
Target: osteoclasts, kidneys
Function: increase blood [Ca++] by breakdown of bone, increased calcium inon retention from urine and activation of vitamin D
Secretion regulated by: blood [Ca++]

Front 21

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Back 21

Produced by: adrenal cortex
Target: kidneys
Function: regulate electrolyte balance by stimulating retention of sodium from the urine
Secretion regulated by: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism, blood volume, blood osmolarity, ACTH, ANF

Front 22

Glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Back 22

Produced by: adrenal cortex
Target: most cells
Function: decrease the effects of stress by increasing blood [lucose]
Secretion regulated by: CRH, ACTH, negative feedback

Front 23

Gonadocorticoids (androgens)

Back 23

Produced by: adrenal cortex
Target: most cells
Function: regulate/stimulate puberty onset
Secretion regulated by: ACTH

Front 24

Epinephrine

Back 24

Produced by: adrenal medulla
Target: cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands
Function: irritate all sympathetic effectors main effects include: increase HR, increase RR, Increase BP, increase sweat, increase blood to brain, skeletal muscles and skin, decrease activity of the GI/urinary systems, dilate pupils
Secretion regulated by: stress, sympathetic NS

Front 25

Insulin

Back 25

Produced by: pancreas
Target: most cells especially muscle cells
Function: decrease blood glucose levels by increasing cellular uptake and use of glucose for glycogenolysis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis
Secretion regulated by: concentrations of glucose, fats and amino acids in the blood, and somatostatin.

Front 26

Glucagons

Back 26

Produced by: pancreas
Target: liver hepatocytes
Function: increase blood glucose levels by glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Secretion regulated by: concentrations of glucose and amino acids in the blood, and somatostatin.

Front 27

Melatonin

Back 27

Produced by: pineal gland
Target: most cells
Function: puberty onset regulation, body cycle regulation especially of sleep/wake cycles
Secretion regulated by: natural light inhibits, darkness stimulates release.

Front 28

Thymosin

Back 28

Produced by: thymus
Target: lymphocytes
Function: stimulate lymphocyte maturation into T cells
Secretion regulated by: immune needs and age