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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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exocrine glands
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secretes products into duct and carries it outside the body
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endocrine glands
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secretes the product directly to bloodstream
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major endocrine organ
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hypothalamus
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prostaglandis
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local hormones affect neighboring cells and are Not carried into the bloodstream
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pheromones
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chemical signals that influence the behavior of other individuals
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peptide hormones
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cause the formation of cAMP and activates a cascade of enzymes
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steroid hormones
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lipids that enter cell and affect genes
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what are the effects of hormones
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changes plasma membrane and synthesis of proteins
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steroid hormone action
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goes through plasma and enters nucleus and activates gene
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what is the direct gene activation caused by?
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steroid hormone action
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nonsteroid hormone action
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hormone binds to membrane receptor and sets off different reactions
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tropic hormones
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one hormone will trigger another hormone to be released
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humoral simuli of EG
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changing blood levels of certain ions stimulates hormones
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Neural stimuli of EG
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under control by sympathetic system
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hypothalamus
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regulates internal environment
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posterior pituitary glands
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stores what hypothalamus makes, does not makes its own hormone
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ADH
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regulates water balance
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oxytocin
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contractions during childbirth and release of milk during nursing.
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TSH
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stimulates Thyroid & produces Thyroid hormones
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ACTH
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stimulates adrenal cortex & produces Cortisol
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gonadotropic hormones
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stimulates gonads to produce sex cells & hormone
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prolactin
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stimulates milk production
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acromegaly
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overproduction of GH as an adult which enlarges hands, feet and face
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thyroid gland
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large gland located under the larynx
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Thyroid hormones
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regulates metabolism t3 t4
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calcitonin
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helps lower ca2+ levels by putting some on the bones
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simple goiter
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thyroid enlarges for not having enough iodine in diet
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congenital hypothyroidism
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thyroid does not develop properly
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myxedem
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in adults; gain weight, loss of hair, puffy skin
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hyperthyroidism
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too many thyroid hormones in blood
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exophthalimic goiter
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enlargement of thyroid glands. ex: eyes
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thyroid tumor can cause..
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hyperthyroidism
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parathyroid glands
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small glands embedded in the surface of the thyroid glands
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parathyroid glands make what hormone?
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PHT
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what does the PHT do?
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increase of ca2+ and reabsorb's it
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adrenal glands
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on top of the kidney and it has two parts which are the medulla and cortex
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adrenal medulla
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inner portion of adrenal gland & produces short-term hormone
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where is the hypothalamus locates?
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in the adrenal medulla
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adrenal cortex
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outer portion of adrenal gland and produces long-term hormones
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what are the two types of hormones that the adrenal cortex makes?
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mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
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what does mineralocorticoids do?
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balances water and salt
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what does glucocorticoids do?
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regulates carbs, proteins and fat
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what is the cause of addison's disease?
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not enough adrenal cortex which causes bronze skin
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reason of cushion syndrome?
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too many glucocorticoids. makes you looks fat
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what is the pancreas compose of?
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exocrine and endocrine
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what is the purpose of exocrine
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produces and secretes digestive juices
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what is the purpose of endocrine
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produces and secretes hormones
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insuline
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secretes when blood glucose is high
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glucagon
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secretes when blood glucose is low
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