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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas produce? (3)
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1. insulin
2. glucagon 3. somatostatin |
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What is the difference between somatostatin produced in the Islets of Langerhans and the pituitary? in the CNS?
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pituitary - stimulates growth hormone
pancreas - stimulates glucagon CNS - neurotransmitter |
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What are thiazolidinesdiones (troglitazone) drugs?
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inhance ability of an individual to respond to whatever insulin is present
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Is the testes an endocrine or exocrine gland?
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both
exocrine - spermatozoa endocrine - androgens |
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What does LH promote?
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hormones (testosterone)
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What are 3 functions of testosterone?
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1. attract opposite sex
2. ward off same sex 3. make gametes/have sex |
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What are the 2 uses of androgens?
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virilizing and anabolic
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In what target organ does testosterone have no activity until it is convereted to DHT? What converts it?
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prostate; is converted by 5-alpha-reductase
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What is benign prostatic hyperplasia? At what age does it start?
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the prostate makes more DHT and as you age, grows larger. If it grows out it is asymptomatic, but if it presses against urethra can be a big problem; starts at age 50
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Where are the 2 forms of 5-alpha-reductase?
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1 - liver, kidney -> gets rid of stuff
2. prostate and hair follicles |
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What is the result of a male having no testosterone?
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male pseudo-hermaphrodism; maleness didn't develop in internal, external, or brain
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What is the result of having no DHT?
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normal male internal (except prostate) and brain, external reproductive structures masculinized at puberty
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What is testicular feminization?
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dysfunctional androgen receptor, causes demasculinized external and external organs but male brain
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What are 3 therapeutic uses fo anabolic androgens?
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1. counter glucocorticoids
2. treat burns 3. speed recovery |
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What is the problem with taking androgens?
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makes you retain water; if you take diuretics you can have a heart attack and die. also reduces sexual differentiation/fertility
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What does estrogen do? progesterone?
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estrogen - development of follicle and maintenance of female sexual characteristics
progesterone - prepares the wall of the uterus to receive the fertilized egg |
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What is the active form of estrogen?
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estriol
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What effects do estrogen and progesterone have on mucus?
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estrogen - thin mucus
progesterone - thick mucus |
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What does FSH stimulate in women? LH?
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FSH - follicle and ovum development
LH - estrogen secretion |
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What effect does progesterone have on FSH?
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progesterione shuts off FSH
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What is an example of typical negative feedback in the male?
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hypothalamus produces GnRH, which stimulates the Anterior pituitary gland to produce LH, which stimulates the Testes to produce testosterone, which shuts off all of the above
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What is an example of positive feedback in the female?
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hypothalamus produces GnRH, which stimulates the Anterior Pituitary to produce LH, which stimulates the ovaries to produce estradiol, which amplies all the other signals.
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What is an example of direct neural control of hormones?
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adrenal medulla is directly innervated
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When is growth hormone released?
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during strenuous exercise and sleep
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What does ultradian mean?
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several pulses in a 24 hour period
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