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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Growth Hormone (GH)
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- Peptide
- Anterior Pituitary - Increases bone and muscle growth, increases cell turnover rate |
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Prolactin
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- Peptide
- Anterior Pituitary - Mammary gland for milk production |
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Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH)
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- peptide, tropic
- targets thryoid, increases the synthesis and release of Thyroid Hormone |
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Adrenotropic hormone (ACTH)
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- peptide, tropic
- increases the growth and secretory activity of the adrenal cortex |
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lueteinizing hormone (LH)
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- peptide, gonadotropic
- ovary/ovulation, testes/testosterone synthesis |
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Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
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- peptide, gonadotropic
-anterior pituitary -ovary/follicle development, testes/spermatogenesis |
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)
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- peptide
- posterior pituitary - kidney/water retention |
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Oxytocin
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- peptide
-posterior pituitary breast/milk letdown, uterus/contraction |
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Thyroid hormone (TH, thyroxine)
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- modified peptide
- thryoid - child: necessary for physical and mental development adult: increased metabolic rate and temperature |
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Calcitonin
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-peptide
-thyroid C cells - bone, kidney; glowers serum [Ca 2+] ---> more in the bones |
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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- peptide
-parathyroids - bone, kidney, small intestine/reaises serum [Ca 2+] ----> less in bones |
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Thymosin
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- peptide
-thymus - children only - development of Tcells during childhood |
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Epinephrine
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- modified amino acid
-adrenal medulla - sympathetic stress response (rapid) |
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cortisol (glucocorticoid)
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- steroid
-adrenal cortex - long term stress response, increase in blood glucose concentration, increase in protein catabolism, decrease in inflammation and immunity; many others |
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aldosterone (mineralcorticoid)
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- steroid
- adrenal cortex - kidney. increased Na+ absorption in order to increase blood pressure |
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sex steroids
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- steroid
- adrenal cortex - not normally important, but an adrenal tumor can overproduce these, causing either masculinization or feminization |
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insulin (Secreted by beta cells)
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- peptide
- endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans) - decrease blood glucose, increase glycogen and fat storage - not present or ineffective in diabetes mellitus |
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glucagon (secreted by the alpha cells)
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- peptide
- endocrine pancreas (islets of langerhans) - increases blood glucose concentration and decreases glycogen and fat storage |
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somatostatin (SS delta cells)
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- peptide
- endocrine pancreas (islets of langerhans) - inhibits many digestive processes |
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testosterone
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- steroid
-testes - male characteristics, spermatogenesis |
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estrogen
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- steroid
- ovaries/placenta - female charactersistics, endometrial growth |
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progesterone
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- steroid
-ovaries/placenta - endometrial secretion, pregnancy |
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atrial natiruretic factor (ANF)
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- peptide
- heart - kidney/ increased urination to decrease blood pressure |
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erythopoeitin
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- peptide
- kidney - bone marrow/increase RBC synthesis |
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releasing and inhibiting factors
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- peptides
- hypothalamus - anterior pituitary/ modifies activity |
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peptide hormones
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Structure - hydrophilic, large (polypeptides) or small (amino acid derivatives)
Synthesis - rough ER Regulation of release - stored in vesicles Transport in bloodstream - free Specificity - only target cells have appropriate surface receptors ( except thyroxine = cytoplasmic) mechanism - bind to receptors that generate second messengers which result in modification of enzyme activity timing - short lived |
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steroid hormones
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Structure - hydrophobic, small
Synthesis site - smooth ER Regulation of Release - synthesized only wen needed then used immediately, not stored transport in blood stream - stuc to protein carrier Specificity - only target cells have appropriate cytoplasmic receptors Mechanism of effect - bind to receptors tha alter gene expression by regulating DNA transcription Timing: slow, long lasting |
