Hormones

Front 1

What are the clusters of cells in the pancreas called?

Back 1

pancreatic islets (islets of langerhans)

Front 2

What's the conversion of glycogen to glucose?

Back 2

glycogenolysis

Front 3

What is glucose formation from amino acids, lacate, etc?

Back 3

gluconeogenesis

Front 4

Low blood glucose?

Back 4

hypoglycemic

Front 5

High blood glucose?

Back 5

hyperglycemic

Front 6

What increases blood glucose level by "breakdown?"

Back 6

Glucagon

Front 7

What decreases blood glucose?

Back 7

Insulin

Front 8

What's the conversion of glucose to glycogen?

Back 8

glycogenesis

Front 9

What's the conversion of glucose or amino acids to fatty acids?

Back 9

lipogenesis

Front 10

sentarse

Back 10

to sit down

Front 11

insulin secretion may be normal or even increased, but skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, are less sensitive than normal. (obesity)

Back 11

Type II diabetes

Front 12

Elevated blood glucose levels exceed the reabsorption capacity for glucose in the kidney leading to excretion of glucose in urine

Back 12

glucosuria

Front 13

Glucose in urine exerts an osmotic effect preventing reabsorption of water and leading to increased urine production

Back 13

Polyuria

Front 14

Excessive thirst

Back 14

polydipsia

Front 15

increased breakdown of fatty acids associated with insulin deficiency, and their use by liver results in excessive production of __________

Back 15

ketone bodies (keto acids)

Front 16

The resulting acidosis (__________) leads to electrolyte imbalance which affects the brain causing coma and death if untreated

Back 16

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Front 17

Chronic secondary complications of diabetes include effects on small blood vessels in circulation, which can cause_________

Back 17

diabetic neuropathy and blindness, deteriation of glomerular filtration in kidneys, amputation of leg or foot

Front 18

Consists of glandular epithelial tissue and is connected with the hypothalamus by blood vessels

Back 18

Anterior Pituitary

Front 19

Contains axon terminals whose cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus

Back 19

Posterior Pituitary

Front 20

Causes cells to grow and multiply by facilitating entry of amino acids into cells and conversion into proteins

Back 20

Human growth hormone (hgH) -anterior pituitary

Front 21

stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone and growth of the thyroid gland

Back 21

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; Thyrotropin) A Pit

Front 22

stimulates cortisol secretion by the adrenal cortex

Back 22

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) A pit

Front 23

has different functions in males and females. In females, stimulates the maturation of eggs within the ovarian follicles, and stimulates secretion of estrogen by the ovaries. In males, FSH is required for sperm production

Back 23

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) A pit

Front 24

stimulates ovulation and other sexual and reproductive activities

Back 24

Luteinizing hormone (LH) a pit

Front 25

together with other hormones initiates and maintains milk production in mammary glands

Back 25

Prolactin (PRL) a pit

Front 26

increases skin pigmentation

Back 26

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) a pit

Front 27

Control the secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands

Back 27

Tropic Hormones

Front 28

synthesis/secretion of thyroxine

Back 28

thyrotropin (t hormones)

Front 29

cortisol secretion

Back 29

adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) (t hormones)

Front 30

ovulation/sexual and reproductive activities

Back 30

luteinizing hormone (LH) (t hormones)

Front 31

egg maturation, estrogen secretion, needed for sperm production in males

Back 31

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Front 32

What is anterior pituitary controlled by?

Back 32

Neurohormones produced by cells in the hypothalamus

Front 33

stimulates thyrotropin release

Back 33

thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) [released by hypothalamus]

Front 34

secretes neurohormones ADH and oxytocin

Back 34

Posterior pituitary

Front 35

increases amount of water conserved by the kidneys

Back 35

ADH

Front 36

stimulates uterine contractions that deliver baby and brings flow of milk to breasts

Back 36

oxytocin

Front 37

located below the larynx in front of the trachea

Back 37

thyroid gland

Front 38

Produces thyroxine and calcitonin

Back 38

thyroid gland

Front 39

stimulates secretion of thyroxine (T4-contains 4 iodine atoms)

Back 39

thyrotropin

Front 40

increases body's basal metabolic rate and stimulates amino acid uptake and protein synthesis

Back 40

T4

Front 41

enlarged thyroid due to lack of iodine (can also be due to hyperthyroidism)

Back 41

goiter

Front 42

produced by thyroid and lowers blood calcium

Back 42

calcitonin

Front 43

produced by parathyroid glands, raises it

Back 43

parathyroid hormone (parathormone: PTH)

Front 44

Secrets 3 groups of steroid hormones (mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex steriods)

Back 44

Outer Cortex (adrenal gland)

Front 45

secretes catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine,) which stimulate the liver to supply glucose to the blood, as well as other fight-or-flight reactions.

Back 45

Inner medulla (adrenal gland)

Front 46

Aldosterone stimulates the kidney to conserve sodium and to excrete potassium, increasing blood volume

Back 46

Mineralocorticoids (adrenal cortex)

Front 47

- Cortisol decreases glucose utilization by most cells increasing blood glucose - important role in adaptation to stress.

Back 47

Glucocorticoids (adrenal cortex)