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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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At what age do the symptoms of menopause manifest?
What is this period called? |
Mid-30s
Perimenopause |
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What is the average age range for which menopause occurs? |
45-55 years |
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How can menopause be artificially induced? |
Bilateral removal of ovaries |
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What causes menopause? |
Failure of ovaries |
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What hormone increases around the beginning of menopause?
Why? |
FSH - to induce final follicles to develop |
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What are the physical symptoms of menopause? (4) |
(Same as perimenopause) - Hot flashes - Sleep disturbances - Osteoporosis - Uro-genital atrophy |
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What are the psychological symptoms of menopause? (4) |
(Same as perimenopause) - Mood swings - Depression - Anxiety - Memory problems |
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When should HRT be administered? |
Soon after onset of menopause |
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In what forms is HRT available? |
E/P or just E |
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Why are E/P drugs more common than E-only? |
E only is associated with risk of endometrial cancer |
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In what cohort of women is estrogen-only HRT indicated? |
Those that have had hysterectomies |
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What are two types of oral HRT? |
- Conjugated equine estrogens - 17ß-estradiol |
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What are the advantages of oral HRT? |
- Positive effect on lipid profile |
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What are the disadvantages of oral HRT? |
Higher risk of clots |
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What are the advantages of HRT patches? |
Lower risk of clots |
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What are the disadvantages of HRT patches? |
Fewer improvement on lipid profile than oral HRT |
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What is the most common form of progesterone used in oral HRT? |
Medroxyprogesterone |
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What disadvantage is associated with medroxyprogesterone in HRT? |
It opposes positive effects of estrogen on lipid profile |
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What class of psychological drug has been approved to treat hot flashes? |
- Antidepressants |
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What did the HERS study show? |
HRT does not improve heart disease |
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How many participants were in the Women's Health Initiative? |
~27,000 |
