Hormone Cards

Front 1

ADH (Name and Chemical Class and Organ that releases)

Back 1

Anti Diuretic Hormone, Peptide, Cell bodies in supra optic nucleus releases from posterior pituatary

Front 2

ADH (Stimulation)

Back 2

Angiotensin II and hyperosmotic plasma (water leaving cells)

Front 3

ADH(Target Tissue and Physiological effects)

Back 3

Kidney, Increases water retention, blood presure

Front 4

ADH (mechanism of Action)

Back 4

Cell Surface Receptor, cAMP and negative feedback loop

Front 5

Oxytocin(Chemical class and Organ location)

Back 5

Peptide, Cell bodies in paraventricular nucleus releases from posterior pituatary

Front 6

Oxytocin(stimulation)

Back 6

Childbirth, suckling, sight and smell of newborn all stimulate. Stress, catecholamines inhibit.

Front 7

Oxytocin(Target Tissue and physiological effects)

Back 7

Contraction of uterus and causes milk let down.

Front 8

Oxytocin(mechanism of action)

Back 8

gprotiento phospholipase c, IP3 from ip4 which is for uterine muscle contraction. Thesecondary diacylglycerol leads to protein kinase c which breaks down the plasmamembrane and creates arachidonic acid through cox pathway the myoepitheal cellsconstrict leading to milk let down

Front 9

GH(Name, Chemical Class, Organ Location)

Back 9

Growth Hormone, Peptide, Anterior pituitary

Front 10

GH(Stimulation)

Back 10

Stimulated by GHRH. inhibited by GHIH. Stimulated by hypoglycemia. Inhibited by GH, somatostatin, Somatomedins, and hyperglycemia.

Front 11

GH(feedback loops)

Back 11

Short: GHRH from hypothalmus is negative feed back to the hypothalmus

Medium: From the growth hormone it is positive feedback for the hypothalmus to produce Somatostatin which is a negative feedback for the ant pit.

Long: Target tissues of the GH produce Somatomedins(igf) which negative feedback straight to Ant Pit. Also positive feedbacks the hypothalmous to produce somatostatin which negative feebacks ant pit.

Front 12

GH(Target tissue and Physiological effect)

Back 12

Effects Muscle, Liver, and adipose = direct ifit goes to the liver it can make IF and go to bone.

Increasenutrient availability elevates blood glucose and fats, Increases protein synthesisand organ growth, Increases linear bone growth.

Front 13

GH(Mechanism of Action)

Back 13

ThroughThyrosine kinase enzyme causes phosporalation of enzyme produces secondmessanger which increases transcription and metabolisim

Front 14

Prolactin(chemical class and Organ Location)

Back 14

Peptide Anteriory Pit

Front 15

Prolactin(stimulation)

Back 15

Tonically inhibited by dopamine(PIH) also inhibited by prolactin. TRH, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and stress stimulate.

Front 16

Prolactin (target tissue and Physiological effects)

Back 16

Breast development in pregnancy, Synthesis of milk. Inhibits Ovulation.

Front 17

Prolactin (mechanism of action)

Back 17

Tyrosinekinase enzyme activates and produces mapk and STAT which leads to proliferationand differation

Front 18

Thyroid stimulating Hormone(Chemical Class and location)

Back 18

peptide, Ant pit

Front 19

Thyroid Hormone (stimulation)

Back 19

TRH Stimulates, T3 and T4 inhibit

Front 20

Thyroid Hormone(target tissue, mechanisim of action, physiological effects)

Back 20

Thyroid, thyroidgland which releases t3(active) and t4, Thyroid hormone is permissive of GH. Actions– growth, BMR increase, Maturation of CNS, increase metabolisim, increasecardiac output.

Front 21

T3 and T4

Back 21

T3 and T4 enter into a target cell and bind a cytosolicreceptor. T3 and T4 are produced in follicle cells of thethyroid gland. These cells take upiodide from the blood and oxidize it into iodine. The iodine is pumped into a region of thethyroid known as the colloid, which is surrounded by follicle cells. Once T4 is converted into T3,it can move into the nucleus where it binds a nuclear receptor and stimulatesprotein synthesis.

Front 22

Gonadotropic hormone Female (name two and their chemical class)

Back 22

Lutenizing hormone and Follicle stimulating hormone both peptides. in the Ant pit

Front 23

FSH

Back 23

Ovary,FSHinitiates growth of granulosa cells, follicle cell to produce an egg. It creates inhibin secretion which is a negative feedback to the ant pit

Front 24

LH

Back 24

Produces Androgen secretion which leads to estrogen secretion. Assist is follicular development and increases plasma estrogen which feeds back negativly to the ant pit and hypothalmus

Front 25

Female cycle stages

Back 25

1. Follicular

2. Mid cycle

3. Luteal

Front 26

Hypothalamic hormones

Back 26

GHRH- growth hormone releasing hormoneGHIH – Growth hormone inhibitory hormone orsomatostatinTRH – Thyroid releasing hormoneCRH – Corticotropin releasing hormoneGonadotropin releasing hormone – GnRH

PIH- prolactin inhibitory hormone

Front 27

Estrogen

Back 27

secondarysex charateristics, follicle development

Front 28

Progesterone

Back 28

maintinenceof pregnancy and development of placenta and prepares uterus for implantation

Front 29

Ovulatory(midcycle)

Back 29

During the ovulatory phase, estrogen begins tofeed back positively to the anterior pituitary, leading to increased release ofLH. The LH elevates the levels ofestrogen, which elevates the level of LH.

Front 30

Luteal Phase

Back 30

During the late luteal phase of the reproductivecycle, progesterone (a steroid) is produced and feeds back negatively at theanterior pituitary.

Front 31

Corpus Luteum

Back 31

the follicle cell that produced the egg fillswith fat and produces progesterone, that characterizesthis last phase of the cycle. If no pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum diesafter about a week and is resorbed and menstruation occurs. If pregnancy does occur, the zygote beginsproducing another hormone known as human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). HCG “rescues” the corpus luteum, which staysaround and produces protesterone for the first several months ofpregnancy. Once the placenta is fullydeveloped, it takes over the job of producing progesterone, which is necessaryfor the growth and development of the fetus.

Front 32

Follicular phase

Back 32

Estraogenfeeds back negative to anterior pituitary

Front 33

Gonadotropin Males (two and their type)

Back 33

FSH and LH peptides

Front 34

FSH Males

Back 34

Stimulates Sertoli cells which comprise the seminiferous tubles to produce androgen binding protein and inhibin which is a negative feedback to the ant pit

Front 35

LH Males

Back 35

stimulates the leydig cells, which are locatedin between the seminiferous tubules, to produce testosterone.

Front 36

Testosterone

Back 36

Steroid. causes sperm production by cells in theseminiferous tubules. negative feedback to ant pit and hypothalmus

Front 37

Cortisol(chemical class, location, stimulation)

Back 37

Steroid produced at Adrenal cortex. Stimulated by ACTH from pituatary. release is cyclic and pulsatile, with mostsecretions occurring during the early part of the day

Front 38

Cortisol effects

Back 38

1.Gluconeogenesis

2.Anti-inflammatory- blocks phospholipase A2 (thefirst enzyme in the arachadonic acid pathway)

3.Anti-immune – inhibits T cells, IL-2

4.Up-regulates alpha-1- BP5.Decreases bone formation

6.Increases GFR- dilates afferent

7.CNS- limbic system (stress), decrease REM

Front 39

Cortisol MOA

Back 39

As a steroid, cortisol readily enters targetcells and travels to the nucleus, where it binds a receptor. It turns on certain genes and leads toprotein syntheses.

Front 40

Aldosterone (chemical class, Location, Stimulation, Target Tissue)

Back 40

Steroid, Adrenal Cortex, Stimulatedby Renin-angiotensin system, and High K+, Targets the kidneys abosrobtion of Na+ and K+ balance

Front 41

Aldosterone(MOA and effect)

Back 41

Entersand binds to cytoplasmic receptor, which leads to protein sysnthesis whichcreates new K+ outpumps and Na+ uptakes. Increased renal Na+ reabsorption, Increased K+secretion

Front 42

Epinephreine(Location, chemical Class, stimulation, target tissue)

Back 42

Adrenal Medulla, Steroid, sympathetic response, Targets whole body sympathetic response.

Front 43

Epinephrine MOA and effect

Back 43

In all cases where epinephrine stimulates betareceptors, it works through the adenylate cyclase pathway to produce the secondmessenger, cAMP. When it stimulatesalpha receptors, it works through the phospholipase C pathway to produce IP3and DAG as second messengers.

stimulatesbeta-1 receptors in heart to increase cardiac output. Stimulate beta-2receptors on blood vessels to cause vasodialation. If there is a high enoughrelease it can stimulate alpha-1 receptors to cause vasoconstriction. Causesliver to release glucose into blood. And causes fight or flight and exercise response.

Front 44

Angiotensin II

Back 44

renin with angiotensin creates angiotensin 1, plus ACE creates angiotensin 2. . Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor. It isalso works to release aldosterone and activates activity of neuron athypthalmus to produce ADH. Angiotensin is through second messangersystem.

Front 45

Insulin

Back 45

Beta cell from Pancreas, protein, Controlledby glucose, when glucose is high it enters beta cells and turns to ATP betacell depolarizes which allows in calcium which leads to exocytosis and createsinsulin. Also with FFA and amino acids

Front 46

Insulin MOA and Effects

Back 46

cellsurface receptor which associates with thyrosine kinase, which leads to glucosetransfer uptake.

decreaseblood glucose and fatty acid and AA, increase glycogen storage

Front 47

Glucagon

Back 47

Pancreas Alpha cell, peptide, stimulated by low blood glucose, targets the liver

Front 48

Glucagon MOA and effects

Back 48

cAMP mechanisim that breaks down glycogen

elevateblood glucose and F.A