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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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TSH |
Synthesised from thyrotrophs in anterior pituitary gland Binds to TSHR on thyroid follicular cells to stimulate the production and release of T3 & T4 |
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Triiodothyronine / T3 |
Produced from thyroid follicular cells in thyroid gland Travels in blood bound to TBG, transthyretin and albumin Biologically active Bind to intracellular receptors Raise basal metabolism (inc # mitochondria, mitochondrial protein synthesis) |
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Thyroxine / T4 |
Produced from thyroid follicular cells Most converted to T3 Binds to intracellular receptors to inc basal metabolic rate |
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Calcitonin |
Synthesised from parafollicular/C cells in the thyroid gland (derived from neural crest) Triggered by inc blood Ca2+ Inhibits osteoclast activity |
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PTH |
Synthesised from parathyroid glands Increases serum Ca: Inc Ca reabsorption in DCT Activates vitamin D to increase intestinal Ca absorption Stimulate osteoclast activity to inc Ca release from bone Decreases serum phosphate: Dec phosphate reabsorption from DCT |
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GH |
Synthesised from somatotrophs of anterior pituitary gland Stimulated by low glucose, exercise, sleep Suppressed by hyperglycaemia Effects mediated by IGF-1 Linear growth, acquisition of bone mass, protein synthesis, lipolysis, glucose metabolism |
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Prolactin |
Synthesised from lactotrophs/mammotrophs in anterior pituitary gland Release inhibited by dopamine down HPA stalk Increased in pregnancy and breastfeeding Inhibits gonadal activity Stimulates lactation and proliferation of mammary tissue |
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LH |
Synthesised from gonadotrophs in anterior pituitary gland Essential for reproductive cycle Stimulates sex hormone secretion |
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FSH |
Synthesised from gonadotrophs in anterior pituitary gland Essential for reproductive cycle Stimulates development of follicles |
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ACTH |
Synthesised from corticotrophs in anterior pituitary gland Stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex |
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ADH/AVP/vasopressin |
Synthesised from supraoptic nucleus in hypothalamus Released from posterior pituitary gland Stimulates an increase in the number of aquaporins in collecting duct (production and incorporation) to increase water reabsorption |
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Oxytocin |
Synthesised from parventricular nucleus in hypothalamus Secreted from posterior pituitary gland Stimulates contraction of smooth muscle in breast and uterus Milk ejection reflex |
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Aldosterone |
Synthesised from zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex Regulates salt and water balance by action on kidney, colon, pancreas, salivary glands and sweat glands Stimulates Na+ reabsorption in DCT |
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Cortisol |
Synthesised from zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex Transported by 90% CBG 5% albumin 5% free Many permissive actions Increase glucose metabolism: Inc gluconeogenesis Amino acid generation Inc lipolysis Circulation maintenance: Inc vascular tone Salt and water balance (bind to mineral ocotillos receptors to stimulate the same effects) Immunomodulation: dampen immune response |
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DHEA |
Synthesised from zona reticular is of adrenal cortex Precursor for testosterone Most abundant androgen Very weak |
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Androstenedione |
Synthesised from zona reticularis of adrenal cortex More androgenic (1/10 of testosterone) Major source in women Oestrogen precursors in post menopaus Testosterone precursor |
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Adrenaline and noradrenaline |
Synthesised from chromaffin cells in adrenal medulla Tyrosine>DOPA>dopamine>noradrenaline>adrenaline Stimulates by sympathetic innervation Permissive effects Fight or flight |
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Glucagon |
Synthesised from alpha cells in the islets of langerhans in the pancreas Stimulates glycogenolysis, lipolysis, gluconeogenesis to increase blood glucose concentration |
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Insulin |
Synthesised from beta cells in the islets of langerhans in the pancreas Stimulated by high blood glucose Increase glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis to decrease blood glucose levels |
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Somatostatin |
Synthesised from delta cells in islets of langerhans in the pancreas Inhibits the release of other islet hormones through para time action Inhibits release of GH and TSH from anterior pituitary |
