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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between Blue and Green Airports? |
In reference to Jeppesen charts, Blue airports identify ones that have published instrument procedures. Those in Green have no published instrument procedures and are VFR only. |
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What factors affect performance? |
Pressure, temperature, density, weight. |
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What factors influence when you will descend? |
Speed, wind, aircraft configuration |
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When do we need T/O alternate? |
Whenever the wx is below the opspec for that airport. (read 121.617 reg for more details) |
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What is required to descend below DH/MDA? |
91.175 1.AC is continuously in a position from which a descent to a landing can be made using normal rate of descent using normal maneuvers. 2. Flight visibility is not less than the visibility prescribed in the SIAP being used. 3. At least one of the following visual references for the intended RWY is distinctly visible and identifiable to the pilot. Threshold, threshold markings, threshold lights. Touchdown zone, touchdown zone markings , touchdown zone lights. Runway, runway markings, runway lights REIL Visual glide slope indicator Approach lights= 100ft above TDZE unless you are on a CAT II or III approach and the airport is equipped with ALSF 1 or ALSF 2 approach lights, AND, the red terminating bars or red side row bars are also distinctly visible and identifiable. |
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Describe a cold front. |
A cold front is characterized by a colder air mass overtaking a warmer air mass. The cold front will generally slide under the warm air mass because the air is heavier and more dense. Cold fronts have a steep slope, and the warm air is forced upward abruptly, which often leads to a narrow band of showers and thunderstorms along, or just ahead of, the front if the warm rising air is unstable. |
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What are 2 kinds of fog? |
Advection: forms when moist air moves over a cold surface Upslope: forms when moist, stable is cooled to or below its dew point as it moves up sloping terrain. |
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What type of icing would you expect in cumulus clouds? |
Clear ice is usually associated with cumulus clouds. |
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How do you get your clearance of the airport is closed? |
FSS, Center, call on the phone if needed |
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How do you determine closer times? |
Jepp enroute charts: tables on the back page. Airport facility directory |
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Where is the MAP for approach? |
At the bold M |
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What are the part 121 fuel requirements? |
Fly to the destination airport, execute missed approach, then fly to the furthest alternate, then fly thereafter for 45 minutes at normal cruise |
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Situational - what weather do we need for departure? |
At least 800-2 for flying the ODP under 91. For pt 121 you should be able to use LTS refer to Opspecs. |
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Situational - Based on weather do we need an alternate? |
Remember 3-2-1. 3 miles, 2k ceiling, +/- 1hour from your ETA |
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Assume radar is out of service, how would you fly? |
The same way except I would have to make mandatory calls at reporting points, wouldn’t expect any vectoring help for approach or missed so follow full procedure. |
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Where is the VOR changeover point? |
VOR changeover points can be determined one of three ways. 1) The halfway point. 2) At any bend in a VOR airway. 3) At the location of a changeover point symbol. The symbol resembles a squared-out “S”. |
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Based on en-route chart - on what frequency would you contact center? |
ARTCC freq denoted on chart. |
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Situational- ILS is OTS, what approach would you shoot? |
Localizer approach |
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Situational- what is FAF/FAP for this VOR, ILS? |
FAF on an ILS is glideslope intercept at the lowest published altitude on the Approach to intercept the GS. |
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How would you plan your descent to the airport? |
3 degree rule. Take you altitude, add field elevation and divide by three. |
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What are the VOR service volumes? |
Terminal: 1,000’-12,000’ AGL within 25 NM Low: 1,000’-18,000’ AGL within 40 NM High: 1,000’-14,500’ AGL within 40NM 14,500’-18,000’ AGL within 100NM 18,000’-45,000’ AGL within 130NM 45,000’-60,000’ AGL within 100NM |
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When do we do a procedure turn? |
Always, unless Cleared Straight in Holding Arc Radar vectors NoPT is depicted in chart Timed Teardrop course reversal |
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Describe a trough |
A trough is an extended region of relatively low atmospheric pressure often associated with fronts. |
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Descend FL350 to 10,000, gs 360, when to start down, what descent rate? |
35,000’-10,000’= feet to lose= 25,000’ to lose. Take altitude to lose, multiply it by 3= 75,000, then drop the zeroes= 75NM out you should begin your descent. A good rule of thumb for descent rate is 5 times the GS or( (GS/2)•10). In this case it would be 360/2= 180•10=1,800 ft/min rate of descent. |
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How does moving CG affect takeoff and en-route performance? |
Aft is higher cruise speed. Also as the CG moves aft, a less stable condition occurs, which decreases the ability of the aircraft to right itself after maneuvering or turbulence. |
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What factors influence takeoff distance? |
Temperature, pressure, weight, anti - ice equipment ON / OFF, runway contamination, runway slope, wind. |
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What is the part 121max flight time for 7 days, month, year? |
30 hrs a week, 100 hrs a month, and 1000 hrs a year |
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What are the part 121 rest requirements? |
9 consecutive hours of rest for less than 8 hours of flight time. 10 consecutive hours rest for more than 8 hrs. |
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When Alaska bought them, what made Horizon unique (in terms of equipment), and what aircraft they’d operated in the past? |
They operated the 8-400’s and the F-27 in the past. They were good aircraft for shorter routes, getting into tighter spaces. They were efficient at lower altitudes without sacrificing too much speed and comfort. |
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How many flight attendants do you need with X number of seats? |
91.533 For AC having more than 19 but less than 51 passengers, one flight attendant. For AC having more than 50 but less than 101, 2 flight attendants. For AC having more than 100, two flight attendants plus one additional flight attendant for each unit of 50 above 100 |
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What is an axial fan? |
The direction of the airflow through the fan is predominantly along the axis of rotation of the fan. |
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What is a centrifugal fan? |
Where the direction of airflow through the fan is predominantly outwards from the axis of fan rotation. |
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If I was descending from FL240 to 500MSL, my speed is 360 KIAS, and my descent rate is 2000fpm, how far out should I start my descent to reach my altitude 5 miles before the airport? |
24,000-500= 23,500 ft (to lose) 23,500 ft / 2,000 ft/min (23.5 / 2)= 11.75 minutes 360KIAS = 6 nm per min, therefore 6•11.75=70.5 nm 70.5 + 5 = answer: 75.5 no before the airport |
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Know holding speeds!! |
Maximum holding speeds: At or below 6,000 ft : 200 KIAS 6,001-14,000 ft : 230 KIAS Above 14,000 ft : 265 KIAS |
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What comms/xpnder do you need to enter Class B airspace? |
Transponder w/ mode C, two way radio communication Clearance from ATC permitting you to enter which must include tail number. |
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What is a balanced field takeoff? |
Runway length (or RWY plus clearway and/or stopway) where, for the takeoff weight, the engine-out accelerate-go distance equals the accelerate-stop distance. |
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How do you plan a descent from 30K down to 10K? |
FL300-10,000=20,000ft 20,000•3(standard 3.0 degree descent)= 60,000 Drop the zeroes= 60 miles out |
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How do you translate ft/nm to ft/min if going 120kts? |
(FT/NM•GS)/60=FPM 120kts is (120/60)nm/min which is equal to 2nm/min and 1nm is roughly 6,080ft therefore 2nm is 12160ft/min |
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What does it mean, adequate visual reference? |
Runway markings or runway lighting that provides the pilot with adequate visual reference to continuously identify the takeoff surface and maintain directional control throughout the takeoff run. |
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Define V1 and V2 speeds. |
V1 - The speed beyond which the takeoff should be discontinued. V2 - Takeoff safety speed. The speed at which the aircraft may safely continue to climb with one engine inoperative. |
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What does PAEW mean in the NOTAM’s? |
Personnel and equipment on or adjacent to runway. |
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Can you translate Zulu time to local time? |
Example. Seattle is GMT - 7, current time is 0400 Zulu. 0400-7= 2100 = 9pm |
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Draw a hold short line, which side are the dashes on? |
Runway |
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What does LLZ OTS mean in the notams? |
Localizer out of service |
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If I was descending from FL240 to 500MSL, my speed is 360 KIAS, and my descent rate is 2000fpm, how far out should I start my descent to reach my altitude 5 miles before the airport? |
24,000-500= 23,500 ft (to lose) 23,500 ft / 2,000 ft/min (23.5 / 2)= 11.75 minutes 360KIAS = 6 nm per min, therefore 6•11.75=70.5 nm 70.5 + 5 = answer: 75.5 no before the airport |
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Know holding speeds!! |
Maximum holding speeds: At or below 6,000 ft : 200 KIAS 6,001-14,000 ft : 230 KIAS Above 14,000 ft : 265 KIAS |
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What comms/xpnder do you need to enter Class B airspace? |
Transponder w/ mode C, two way radio communication Clearance from ATC permitting you to enter which must include tail number. |
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What comms/xpnder do you need to enter class C airspace? |
Transponder w/ mode C and two way radio communication |
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What is a balanced field takeoff? |
Runway length (or RWY plus clearway and/or stopway) where, for the takeoff weight, the engine-out accelerate-go distance equals the accelerate-stop distance. |
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How do you plan a descent from 30K down to 10K? |
FL300-10,000=20,000ft 20,000•3(standard 3.0 degree descent)= 60,000 Drop the zeroes= 60 miles out |
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How do you translate ft/nm to ft/min if going 120kts? |
(FT/NM•GS)/60=FPM 120kts is (120/60)nm/min which is equal to 2nm/min and 1nm is roughly 6,080ft therefore 2nm is 12160ft/min |
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What does it mean, adequate visual reference? |
Runway markings or runway lighting that provides the pilot with adequate visual reference to continuously identify the takeoff surface and maintain directional control throughout the takeoff run. |
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Define V1 and V2 speeds. |
V1 - The speed beyond which the takeoff should be discontinued. V2 - Takeoff safety speed. The speed at which the aircraft may safely continue to climb with one engine inoperative. |
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What does PAEW mean in the NOTAM’s? |
Personnel and equipment on or adjacent to runway. |
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Can you translate Zulu time to local time? |
Example. Seattle is GMT - 7, current time is 0400 Zulu. 0400-7= 2100 = 9pm |
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Draw a hold short line, which side are the dashes on? |
Runway |
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What does LLZ OTS mean in the notams? |
Localizer out of service |
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Know holding speeds. |
Maximum holding speeds: At or below 6,000 ft: 200 KIAS 6,001 to 14,000 ft: 230 KIAS ABOVE 14,000 ft: 265 KIAS |
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What comma/xpnder do you need to enter class B airspace? |
Transponder w/ mode C Two way radio communication and clearance with tail number prior to entering into airspace. |
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What comma/xpnder do you need to enter class B airspace? |
Transponder w/ mode C Two way radio communication and clearance with tail number prior to entering into airspace. |
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What comma/xpnder do you need to enter class C airspace? |
Transponder w/ mode C Two way radio communication |
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What comma/xpnder do you need to enter class B airspace? |
Transponder w/ mode C Two way radio communication and clearance with tail number prior to entering into airspace. |
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What comma/xpnder do you need to enter class C airspace? |
Transponder w/ mode C Two way radio communication |
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What comms / xpnder do you need to enter into class D airspace? |
Two way radio communication |
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When do you slow down to holding speed? |
Within 3 minutes of holding fix. |
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What is the holding timing for different altitudes and when do you start? |
Above 14,000: 1.5 minute legs. Timing is based on inbound leg, corrections are made on the outbound leg. Start timing outbound at wings level abeam the holding fix. 14,000 or below: 1 minute legs |
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Which of the TAF forecasts were applicable to our flight? |
The TAF for landing at KOTH has a temporary that is active at the time. It is pretty close to the approach minimums but you should be able to get in. The non temporary portion covering the same time frame is below minimums. |
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How we’d get a clearance cause one of the NOTAMS was for the RCO to SEA FSS being OTS. The plates provided frequencies for SEA ARTCC. What if we still can’t reach them? |
Contact Seattle Center on 121.4 (KRGB), or call Flight Service Clearance Delivery at 1-888-766-8267 |
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What RWY we would use and what procedure we would fly. They give you Jepps ( approach plates and low altitude enroute chart) |
For the North Bend Oregon scenario, RWY 4/22 was closed and night landings are not authorized on RWY 31 so 13 is your only choice. Ceiling was 900’ so the VOR DME-B with a circle to land would work (MDA 700’) but you will have a quartering tailwind. |
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What is the MEA along the V airway? |
V121 between RBG and OTH has an MEA of 5,300’ |
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What’s an MSA? |
Minimum Sector Altitude found on Instrument Approach Charts provides a minimum of 1,000’ of clearance above obstacles within a 25NM radius. ( unless otherwise stated). |
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What are the approach minimums? |
In the scenario they give you only circling approaches will get you to the right runway. The minimums are 1,100ft, the TAF says that temporarily the ceilings are at 1,200ft. |
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Are we legal for the approach? |
Situational: There were a handful of approaches for KOTH that were legal to start with available weather. Some of the approaches had IAF on the west side of the airport while one of the approaches had an IAF on the east side. Due to the NOTAMS and approach notes, the approach chosen had to be a circle to land. ( make sure you read all the info for the approach and the weather. Lots of little things to note) |
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Can we continue the approach if WX goes south inside the FAF? |
Yes |
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What’s a MOCA? |
Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude. Guarantees obstruction clearance and navigational signal coverage within 22 NM of the Nav. Aid You will find this altitude in Jeppesen chart routes indicated with a “T” at the end of the altitude. |
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Where’s the highest point in this approach plate? |
The highest point (in reference to obstacles) on an approach plate is indicated by a thick bold arrow in Jeppesen charts. |
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When do we need a takeoff alternate airport? |
Any time the weather is below the minimums on any published approach into the airport you are departing from. |
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How would you plan a descent without VNAV? |
Take altitude to lose divided by intended rate of descent , times ground speed and divided by 60 |
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What are the mandatory reports under IFR |
Missed Approach Airspeed +/- 10kts Reaching a holding fix Vacating an altitude / FL ETA change +/- 3 min Leaving a holding fix / point Outer marker Unforecasted weather Safety of flight VFR on top Final approach fix Radio / Nav. Failure Compulsory reporting points Unable to climb / descend 500fpm |
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What does a displaced threshold look like? |
Two solid lines followed by two dashed lines. |
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What does a displaced threshold look like? |
Two solid lines followed by two dashed lines. |
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What is a MOA? |
Military operations area |
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Find the RWY width and length in airport description on enroute chart. |
It’s on the 10-9a |
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What is a grid MORA and what does it provide? |
Grid MORAs provide an obstacle clearance altitude within a latitude and longitude grid block, usually of one degree by one degree. They are presents in ft, omitting the last two figures. |
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What does the number “2” mean in the VOR/DME frequency box? |
It’s another Jepp. note. Look for a box with a similar 2. In this case it was a minimum crossing altitude. |
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What is Accelerated Stop Distance? |
Total distance required to accelerate the twin engine airplane to a specified speed and assuming failure of an engine at the instant that speed is attained, to bring the airplane to a stop on the remaining RWY. |
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What is Accelerated Go Distance? |
Total distance required to accelerate the airplane to a specified speed and assuming failure of an engine at the instant that speed is attained continue takeoff on the remaining engine to a height of 50 feet. |
