Hope - Civics: Set 1

Front 1

Enlightenment

Back 1

Period of time when new ideas about govt. and people's freedom spread throughout Europe

Front 2

Montesquieu

Back 2

Enlightenment thinker known for his idea on separation of powers

Front 3

Separation of Powers

Back 3

Idea that govt. power should be divided into branches so no one branch can become too powerful (limits govt. power)

Front 4

John Locke

Back 4

Enlightenment thinker known for his ideas on natural law and social contract

Front 5

Locke's "Natural Rights" (Law)

Back 5

Idea that all people are born equal with certain God-given rights including life, liberty, and property

Front 6

Social Contract

Back 6

Idea that people agree to give up some freedom and be ruled by govt. in exchange for govt. protecting their rights; if govt. does not then the deal is broken and the people have the right to rebel and choose new leaders

Front 7

Influence of Separation of Powers on U.S. Govt.

Back 7

Three distinct branches with separate powers (L = Make Laws, E = Enforce laws, J = Interpret laws)

Front 8

Influence of Social Contract on U.S. Govt.

Back 8

Representatives are elected by the people; power comes from the people

Front 9

Magna Carta

Back 9

English document that limited the king's power by protecting basic rights; established 'limited monarchy' (idea that the king is not all powerful)

Front 10

English Bill of Rights

Back 10

Document that listed rights of English citizen's that no king could violate; inspired a similar U.S. version

Front 11

Mayflower Compact

Back 11

First written agreement for self-govt. in America; Pilgrims agreed to work together to discuss and vote on laws (direct democracy)

Front 12

Thomas Paine's Common Sense

Back 12

Pamphlet that used Locke's ideas to argue for independence; convinced many colonist's to rebel against the king

Front 13

Colonial Concerns that led to the Desire for Independence

Back 13

Taxation without representation, limits on individual rights, violations of natural rights

Front 14

Taxation without Representation

Back 14

Imposing government fees without the consent of the people

Front 15

Effects of English Policies

Back 15

Colonist's demand political change through protests and boycotts, the colonist's grievances are ignored by the British, the Declaration of Independence is approved

Front 16

Natural Rights in the DoI

Back 16

Lists the rights of the citizens as "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness"

Front 17

Role of Govt. in the DoI

Back 17

Govt. gets their power from the people and exists to protect the people's rights

Front 18

Grievances in the DoI

Back 18

Lists the colonists' complaints against the British govt. and King George III

Front 19

Specific Grievances in the DoI

Back 19

Violated natural rights' including suspending of trial by jury, limiting judicial powers, quartering soldiers, and ending colonial legislatures (right to make laws)

Front 20

Consent of the Governed

Back 20

Approval from the people; govt. gets its power from the public

Front 21

Unalienable/Inalienable Rights

Back 21

Basic rights of the people that may not be taken away (as described in the DoI)

Front 22

Assent

Back 22

Approval or agreement

Front 23

Oppression

Back 23

Cruel or unjust treatment or control

Front 24

Self-Evident

Back 24

Not needing to be explained; obvious

Front 25

Tyranny

Back 25

Cruel and oppressive govt. or rule

Front 26

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

Back 26

Legislative with no power to tax or regulate trade, no executive branch (law enforcement & central leadership), no judicial branch (law interpreting & courts), changes required unanimous approval of all 13 states

Front 27

Shays' Rebellion

Back 27

Farmer led uprising that occurred after the courts threatened to take away farms to pay off debts (money owed to the govt.); showed that the AoC might be too weak to maintain law and order

Front 28

Constitutional Convention

Back 28

Meeting where delegates from the states met to fix the AoC but instead ended up writing the new Constitution

Front 29

Federalists

Back 29

Wanted the ratification of the Constitution; believed in a strong national govt.

Front 30

Anti-Federalists

Back 30

Against the ratification of the Constitution; fought for states rights & the adding of a bill of rights to protect individual liberties; thought the Constitution created a national govt. that was too strong

Front 31

Federalist Papers

Back 31

Series of essays written to explain and defend the proposed U.S. Constitution

Front 32

Anti-Federalist Papers

Back 32

Series of essays written to counter and defeat the proposed U.S. Constitution