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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is released by the duodenal mucosal into the bloodstream when fatty contents enter duodenum?
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Cholecystokinin:
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What percent of Blood does the liver store?
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13% of the body’s blood supply
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What ligament separates the liver?
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The falciform ligament which contains the ligament teres (remnant fetal umbilical cord)
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Four divisions form the C-loop
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Superior portion; descending portion; horizontal portion; ascending portion
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What are the Two major vessels of the liver?
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Portal vein – removes blood FROM liver
Hepatic artery – supplies blood TO liver |
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How long is the Duodenum?
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About 10 inches long
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True absorption process begins here?
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The Duodenum
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Stomach only participates in absorption of
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some water, electrolytes, certain drugs, and alcohol
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Most substances are not absorbed until they reach
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the small intestines
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Stomach empties all its contents into the duodenum, ______ hours after ingestion.
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2-6
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Where are the islets of Langerhans?
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In the endocrine tissue
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What important hormones does the endocrine tissue produce?
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Insulin and glucagon
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What are the two types of tissue in the PANCREAS?
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exocrine tissue (99% of pancreas)
endocrine tissue (1% of pancreas) |
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How many gallons of blood circulate through the kidneys daily?
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425 gallons of blood
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Where do the kidneys lie?
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Retroperitoneal, between T12 and L3
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Where are the Renal Papillae?
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Small, rounded medial ends of each renal pyramid
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What is the other name for the Renal Pyramids? How many are there?
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Medullary, 8 – 15 striated structures,
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How many Minor Calyces per kidney?
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4 to 13
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How many Major Calyces per kidney?
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2 to 4
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What percent of water is reabsorbed back into the blood?
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More than 99%
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How much urine is normally secreted by the kidneys per day?
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About 1 – 2 quarts of urine per day
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What are the small the rounded medial ends of each renal pyramid?
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Renal Papillae
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What serves as barrier against trauma and spread of infection to the kidney?
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Renal Capsule
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Which kidney is slightly lower?
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Right kidney (left higher because of liver)
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How long are the Ureters?
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10 – 12 inches
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What does the distal convoluted tubule connects with?
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The collecting tubules
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What contains the glomerulus?
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Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule
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Where does the collecting tubule empty? Where does it start?
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Into a minor calyx-- Bowman's capsule
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What does RENIN increase?
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Used to increase blood pressure also is needed whenever there is sodium depletion and/or low blood volume
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What does the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) release?
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The enzyme (RENIN) into the blood.
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Where is the renal tubule located?
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At the medullary of the kidney
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What is the primary filtering device of the nephrons?
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Glomerulus; formation of urine begins here
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What quadrants is the liver in?
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right upper quadrant (right hypochrondrium), and extends to left of midline (epigastric of abdomen)
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What is the largest organ in the body and how much does it weigh?
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The liver, about 3.5 lbs
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Where is the renal corpuscle located?
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Located at the parenchyma of the kidney
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The individual nephron is composed of what two parts?
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A renal corpuscle and a renal tubule
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Do the nephrons purify blood or urine?
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Actual purification and filtration of the blood
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How many nephrons are in the cortex of one kidney?
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About one million nephrons
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What are the MICROSCOPIC PORTION OF THE KIDNEY?
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NEPHRONS
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Where is the Fundus of the bladder located?
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Downward & backward (posterior surface) toward the rectum
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What is the dome-like portion of bladder?
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Fundus
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Where is the Trigone?
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The base of the bladder
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What three openings form the Trigone?
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2 ureteral and 1 urethral opening
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Micturition
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Expulsion of urine from the bladder by (urination or voiding)
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How much is the bladder filled before the average person has the desire to void?
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About 250 ml
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What is the full average capacity of the adult urinary bladder?
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As much as 500 ml
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Where is the male and female neck of the bladder located?
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Male: rests on the prostate female: on the pelvic diaphragm
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Where does the Urethra start and end?.
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The floor of urinary bladder (from internal urethral orifice) to exterior of the body (at the external urethral orifice)
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What does the male urethra pass through?
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Vertically through prostate gland and urogenital diaphragm
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How long is the urethra?
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Female: 1½ inches Male: 7 - 8 inches:
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