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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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joint-stock company
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business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose
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Powhattan
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a group of Native American peoples that lived in eastern Virginia at the time of the first Enlgish settlements
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mercantilism
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an economic system in which nations seek to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by establishing a favorable balance of trade
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salutary neglect
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an English policy relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies' continued economic loyalty
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cash crop
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a crop grown by a farmer for sale rather than for personal use
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Stono Rebellion
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a 1739 uprising of slaves in South Carolina, leading to the tightening of already harsh slave laws
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French and Indian War
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a conflict in North America, lastinh from 1754 to 1763, that was a part of a worldwide struggle between France and Britain and that ended with the defeat of France and the transfer of French Canada to Britain
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Townshend Acts
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a series of laws enacted by Parliament in 1767, establishing indirect taxes on goods imported from Britain by the British colonies in North America
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loyalist
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a colonist who supported the British government during the American Revolution
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egalitarianism
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the belief that all people should have equal political, economic, social, and civil rights
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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a law that established a plan for surveying and selling the federally owned lanss west of the Appalachian Mountains
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Shay's Rebellion
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an uprising of debt-ridden Massachusetts farmers protesting increased state taxes in 1787
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Bill of Rights
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the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, added in 1791 and consisting of a formal list of citizens' rights and freedoms
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Federalists
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supporters of the Constitution and of a strong national government
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cabinet
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the group of department heads who serve as the president's chief advisors
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protective tariff
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a tax on imported goods that is intended to protect a nation's businesses from foreign competition
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royal colony
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a colony under the direct control of the English monarch
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balance of trade
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when a country has a steady income of more imports than exports
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separatist
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a member of one of the Purtian groups that, denying the possibility of reform within the Church of England, established their own independent congregations
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Parliament
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the legislative body of England
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staple crop
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a crop that sustains life
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yeomen
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small farmers on small farms
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Sons of Liberty
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secret group formed by Boston shopkeepers, artisans, and laborers to harass customs workers, stamp agents, sometimes royal governors; prevented many stamps from being sold
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Intolerable Acts
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Act that shut down the Boston Harbor because colonists refused to pay for the damaged tea (from the Boston Tea Party), authorized British commanders to house soldiers in vacant private homes and other buildings (Quartering Act), issued martial law (rule imposed by military force), and elected a new governor, Thomas Gauge
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inflation
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an increase in prices or decline in purchasing power caused by an increase in supply of money
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republic
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a government in which citizens rule through their elected representatives
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Articles of Confederation
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set of laws proposed by the Congress in which two levels of government shared fundamental powers
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Three-Fifths Compromise
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the Constitutional Convention's agreement to count three-fifths of a state's slaves as population for purposes of representation and taxation
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legislative branch
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makes the laws
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executive branch
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carries out the laws
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judicial branch
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interprets the laws
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