Honors Integrated Science Midterm Vocab

Front 1

control variables

Back 1

variables in an experiment that are kept the same throughout the experiment

Front 2

controlled experiment

Back 2

when one variable is changed and all the others are controlled or stay the same throughout the experiment

Front 3

distance

Back 3

the length of space between two points

Front 4

english system

Back 4

a system of measuring that uses, for example, distance units of inches, yards, and miles

Front 5

experiment

Back 5

any situation that is set up to observe and measure something happening

Front 6

experimental technique

Back 6

the exact procedure that is followed each time an experiment is repeated

Front 7

experimental variable

Back 7

a variable in an experiment that is changed by the experimenter; the experimental variable is plotted as an independent variable on the x-axis of a graph

Front 8

hypothesis

Back 8

a prediction that can be tested by experimentation

Front 9

investigation

Back 9

one or more experiences that are all connected to answering the same basic question

Front 10

length

Back 10

a unit of measurement for distance

Front 11

measurement

Back 11

the act or process of measuring in multiples of a specific unit

Front 12

metric system

Back 12

a system of measuring that uses, for example, distance units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, and kilometers

Front 13

procedure

Back 13

a collection of all the techniques you use to do an experiment

Front 14

scientific method

Back 14

a process that is used to gather evidence that leads to understanding

Front 15

second

Back 15

a commonly used unit of time, 1/60 of a minute

Front 16

time

Back 16

a useful measurement of changes in motion or events; all or part of all the past, present, and future

Front 17

trial

Back 17

each time an experiment is tried

Front 18

variables

Back 18

factors that affect the results of an experiment

Front 19

velocity

Back 19

describes movement from one place to another over time and in a certain direction

Front 20

accelerate

Back 20

to increase speed or change direction

Front 21

acceleration

Back 21

the change of speed over time

Front 22

average speed

Back 22

how fast something moves over a certain distance

Front 23

conceptual model

Back 23

a written description or diagram based on ideas and observations that are used to describe how a process or object works

Front 24

deceleration

Back 24

occurs when change in speed, or acceleration, is in the negative direction

Front 25

dependent variable

Back 25

the variable in an experiment that changes in response to choices made by the experimenter; this variable is plotted on the y-axis of a graph

Front 26

free fall

Back 26

the acceleration of a falling object under the influence of Earth's gravitational force

Front 27

graphical model

Back 27

a model that shows the relationship betweeen 2 variables on a graph so that the relationship is easily seen and understood

Front 28

gravity

Back 28

the attractive force that exists between any 2 objects that have mass

Front 29

independent variable

Back 29

the variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter and that causes changes in the dependent variable in the experiment; this variable is plotted on the x-axis of a graph

Front 30

instantaneous speed

Back 30

the speed of an object at a specific point in its journey

Front 31

physical model

Back 31

a model that is made of materials and can be touched and measured

Front 32

scientific model

Back 32

a method of representing the relationship between variables

Front 33

air friction

Back 33

the opposing force created by ovjects moving through air

Front 34

equilibrium

Back 34

occurs when the forces on an object are balanced

Front 35

force

Back 35

a push, a pull, or any action that had the ability to change motion

Front 36

friction

Back 36

the force that results from relative motion between objects

Front 37

gravity

Back 37

the attractive force that exists between and 2 objects that have mass

Front 38

inertia

Back 38

the reluctance of a body to change its state of motion

Front 39

Law of conservation of momentum

Back 39

states that as long as interacting objects are not influenced by outside forces, their momentum before the interaction will equal their momentum after the interaction

Front 40

mass

Back 40

a measure of the inertia of an object; the amount of matter an object has

Front 41

momentum

Back 41

the mass of an object multiplied by its speed or velocity

Front 42

net force

Back 42

the amount of force that overcomes an opposing force to cause motion

Front 43

newton

Back 43

a unit of force; the abbreviation is N

Front 44

Newton's 1st Law

Back 44

an object in motion will stay in motion, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an opposite force

Front 45

Newton's 2nd Law

Back 45

the accleration of an object is directly proportional to the force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass

Front 46

Newton's 3rd Law

Back 46

for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Front 47

pounds

Back 47

english system unit of force

Front 48

rolling friction

Back 48

resistance created when one object rolls over another one

Front 49

sliding friction

Back 49

resistance created when 2 surfaces rub against each other

Front 50

vicious friction

Back 50

resistance created by objects moving in water of other fluids

Front 51

chemical energy

Back 51

a type of energy stored in molecules

Front 52

energy

Back 52

a fundamental building block of the universe; it appears in defferent forms

Front 53

energy trasnformations

Back 53

the conversion from one kind of energy to another kind of energy

Front 54

joule

Back 54

a unit for measuring work; equal to one newton of force times one meter of distance; the abbreviation is J

Front 55

Kinetic energy

Back 55

energy that comes from motion

Front 56

law of conservation of energy

Back 56

energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed

Front 57

potential energy

Back 57

stored energy that comes from position

Front 58

amplitude

Back 58

the maximum distance from the average harmonic motion;usually a distance or an angle

Front 59

cycle

Back 59

a unit of motion that repeats over and over

Front 60

frequency

Back 60

the # of wavelengths that pass a given point in one second

Front 61

harmonic motion

Back 61

motion that repeats itself

Front 62

hertz

Back 62

a unit of one cycle per second used to measure frequency; the abbreviation is Hz

Front 63

oscillator

Back 63

a system that shows harmonic motion

Front 64

period

Back 64

the time for one cycle

Front 65

periodic motion

Back 65

cycles of motion that repeat over and over again; the same as harmonic motion

Front 66

phase

Back 66

refers to where an oscillator is in its cycle

Front 67

system

Back 67

a collection of matter and processes that occur in a certain space and can be studied; they can't be opened or closed

Front 68

circular waves

Back 68

waves that move in concentric cirlces

Front 69

diffraction

Back 69

the process by which waves can bend around corners or pass through openings

Front 70

crest

Back 70

the high point on a wave

Front 71

longitudnal wave

Back 71

a wave whose oscillations are in the same direction as the wave moves

Front 72

plane waves

Back 72

waves that move in straight lines

Front 73

reflection

Back 73

the bounce of a wave off a surface

Front 74

refraction

Back 74

occurs when light passes from one transparent material into another and bends

Front 75

standing waves

Back 75

waves that are trapped in one spot

Front 76

transverse wave

Back 76

a wave whose oscillation is perpendicular to the direction the wave travels

Front 77

trough

Back 77

the low point on a wave

Front 78

wave fronts

Back 78

another term used to describe the crests of a wave

Front 79

cochlea

Back 79

a tiny, fluid-filled bone structure in the inner ear with three tubes and a spiral

Front 80

pressure

Back 80

the force acting on a unit area of a surface`

Front 81

decibel

Back 81

measures the loudness of sound

Front 82

acoustics

Back 82

the science and technology of sound

Front 83

pitch

Back 83

property of a sound determined by the frequency of the waves producing it

Front 84

sonogram

Back 84

special kind of graph that shows how loud sound is at different frequencies

Front 85

white noise

Back 85

an equal mixture of all frequencies

Front 86

supersonic

Back 86

a speed faster than the speed of sound (340 m/s)

Front 87

reverberation

Back 87

multiple echoes of sound

Front 88

cone cells

Back 88

photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that respond to color

Front 89

cyan

Back 89

a greenish, light-blue that is created when red is absorbed and green and blue are reflected

Front 90

electromagnetic spectrum

Back 90

the whole range of light

Front 91

rod cells

Back 91

photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that respond to differences in brightess

Front 92

yellow

Back 92

a color that is created when blue is absorbed and red and green are reflected

Front 93

flourescent

Back 93

a type of electronic light bulb

Front 94

incandescence

Back 94

the process of making light with heat

Front 95

magenta

Back 95

a pink-purple color that is created when green is absorbed and red and blue are reflected

Front 96

subtractive primary colors

Back 96

magenta, cyan, and yellow

Front 97

photoluminescence

Back 97

occurs when light energy makes something else give off light

Front 98

nanometer

Back 98

a unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter

Front 99

polarizer

Back 99

a partially transparant material that lets through only one polarization of light

Front 100

visible light

Back 100

the light you can see in the range between 400 and 700 nanometers