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88 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Point
an Undefined term. It has no size, only location.
Line
an Undefined term. A straight and continuous arrangement of infinitely many points. It has infinite length but no thickness.
Plane
an Undefined term. A flat surface that extends infinitely along its length and width. It has length and width but no thickness.
Collinear
points (3+) that are on the same straight line.
Line Segment
a part of a line that is enclosed by 2 endpoints
Coplanar
3+ points on the same plane
Endpoint
a part that encloses a line segment
Congruent Segments
Segments of the same length (indicated with "dash" markings).
Midpoint
a point in the middle of a line segment and bisects the line segment
Bisects
divides into 2 congruent segments
Line through points A and B
<->
AB
Ray that starts at point A and then goes through B
-->
AB
Plane P (script letter)
Curly P
Congruency symbol
~
=
Endpoint of a Ray
the starting point of the ray.
Angle
formed by 2 rays that have the same endpoint (the rays can't be collinear) [2 sides and vertex]
Measure of Angle
the number of degrees it takes to rotate one ray of the angle onto the other ray.
Angle Symbol
/_
Angle Bisector
a ray that cuts an angle into 2 smaller equal angles.
Counterexample
An example that makes a statement false.
example: In every triangle there is exactly one right angle
Right Angle
an angle measuring 90 degrees
Acute Angle
An angle measuring less than 90 degrees
Obtuse Angle
An angle measuring greater than 90 degrees
Pair of Vertical Angles
2 congruent angles formed by 2 intersecting lines. The angles share a vertex, but do not share any sides.
Linear Pair of Angles
2 angles that share a side, and whose other sides form a straight line.
Pair of Complementary Angles
2 angles whose measures have a sum of 90 degrees.
Pair of Supplementary Angles
2 angles whose measures have a sum of 180 degrees.
(vertical angles are always supplementary, but supplementary angles do not need to be a linear pair)
Polygon
Enclosed figure, with only straight line segments, and the sides only meet at endpoints.
Lies in a plane formed by segments
Side of a Polygon
Line segments that form the polygon
Vertex of a Polygon
an endpoint where the sides meet (a corner)
Diagonal of a Polygon
a line segment that connects two nonconsecutive vertices
Convex Polygon
no diagonal is outside the polygon
Concave Polygon
at least one diagonal is outside the polygon
Congruent Polygons
corresponding sides and angles are congruent
Equilateral Polygon
all sides have equal length.
Equilangular Polygon
all sides have equal measure.
Regular Polygon
both equilangular and equilateral
Triangle
Polygon with 3 sides
Quadrilateral
Polygon with 4 sides
Pentagon
Polygon with 5 sides
Hexagon
Polygon with 6 sides
Heptagon
Polygon with 7 sides
Octagon
Polygon with 8 sides
Nonagon
Polygon with 9 sides
Decagon
Polygon with 10 sides
Undecagon
Polygon with 11 sides
Dodecagon
Polygon with 12 sides
n-gon
Polygon with 13 or more sides
ex. 13agon, 14agon, 15agon, etc.
Assume
accept something as true without facts or proof.
ex. Which pairs of lines are parallel.
>> can mean parallel lines.
Right triangle
a triangle with one right angle
Acute Triangle
a triangle with three acute angles
Acute Triangle
a triangle with 3 acute angles
Obtuse Triangle
a triangle with 1 obtuse angle
Scalene Triangle
a triangle with no congruent sides
Equilateral Triangle
a triangle with 3 congruent sides
Iscosceles Triangle
a triangle with at least 2 congruent sides
Trapezoid
a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides.
Parallelogram
a quadrilateral with 2 pairs of parallel sides
Kite
a quadrilateral with 2 distinct pairs of consecutive congruent sides.
Rhombus
an equilateral parallelogram
Rectangle
a parallelogram with 4 congruent angles
Square
a regular quadrilateral OR an equilateral rectangle OR an equilateral rhombus
Circle
the set of all points in a plane at a given distance (radius) from a given point (center)
Radius
a segment from the center to a point on the edge of a circle
Diameter
a line segment with endpoints on a circle which contains the center
Arc of a Circle
2 points on a circle and all of the points on the circle between them
Chord
a line segment whose endpoints lie on the circle
Tangent
a line that intersects the circle only once (at the point of tangency)
Semicircle
an arc of a circle whose endpoints are also the endpoints of a diameter
(half of a circle)
Minor Arc
an arc which is smaller than a semicircle (less than 180 degrees)
Major Arc
an arc which is larger than a semicircle
9greater than 180 degrees)
Central Angle
The angle with its vertex at the center of the circle.
Concentric Circles
2 or more coplanar circles with the same center.
ex. a dart circle.
Locus of Points
the set of points that satisfy a set of conditions.
ex. All points that are 3 cm away from point A.
Space
all points in 3-dimensions.
Conjecture
a generalization made using inductive reasoning.
Inductive Reasoning
the process of observing data, recognizing patterns, and making generalizations about those patterns.
Deductive Reasoning
the process of showing that certain statements follow logically from agreed-upon assumptions and proven facts
Linear Pair Conjecture
If 2 angles form a linear pair, then the 2 angles are supplementary
Vertical Angles Conjecture
If 2 angles are vertical angles, then the two angles are congruent.
Converse
The "if" and the "then" are switched in an "if-then" statement.
Paragraph Proof
a logical explanation written as a paragraph.
Transversal
A line intersecting 2 or more lines in a plane
Corresponding Angles
The angles in matching corners formed by a transversal and parallel lines.
Alternate Interior Angles
Inside angles, opposites of the transverse, and share the same parallel lines.
Alternate Exterior Angles
opposite sides of the transversal that are outside the parallel lines, but can not share the same parallel line.
Parallel Lines Conjecture
If 2 parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the corresponding angles are congruent, alternate exterior angles are congruent, and alternate interior angles are congruent.
Converse of the Parallel Lines Conjecture
If two lines are cut by a transveral to form pairs of congruent corresponding angles, alternate interior angles, or alternate exterior angles, then the lines are parallel.