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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Point
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an Undefined term. It has no size, only location.
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Line
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an Undefined term. A straight and continuous arrangement of infinitely many points. It has infinite length but no thickness.
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Plane
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an Undefined term. A flat surface that extends infinitely along its length and width. It has length and width but no thickness.
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Collinear
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points (3+) that are on the same straight line.
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Line Segment
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a part of a line that is enclosed by 2 endpoints
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Coplanar
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3+ points on the same plane
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Endpoint
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a part that encloses a line segment
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Congruent Segments
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Segments of the same length (indicated with "dash" markings).
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Midpoint
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a point in the middle of a line segment and bisects the line segment
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Bisects
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divides into 2 congruent segments
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Line through points A and B
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<->
AB |
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Ray that starts at point A and then goes through B
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-->
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Plane P (script letter)
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Curly P
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Congruency symbol
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~
= |
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Endpoint of a Ray
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the starting point of the ray.
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Angle
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formed by 2 rays that have the same endpoint (the rays can't be collinear) [2 sides and vertex]
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Measure of Angle
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the number of degrees it takes to rotate one ray of the angle onto the other ray.
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Angle Symbol
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/_
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Angle Bisector
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a ray that cuts an angle into 2 smaller equal angles.
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Counterexample
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An example that makes a statement false.
example: In every triangle there is exactly one right angle |
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Right Angle
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an angle measuring 90 degrees
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Acute Angle
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An angle measuring less than 90 degrees
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Obtuse Angle
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An angle measuring greater than 90 degrees
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Pair of Vertical Angles
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2 congruent angles formed by 2 intersecting lines. The angles share a vertex, but do not share any sides.
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Linear Pair of Angles
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2 angles that share a side, and whose other sides form a straight line.
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Pair of Complementary Angles
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2 angles whose measures have a sum of 90 degrees.
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Pair of Supplementary Angles
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2 angles whose measures have a sum of 180 degrees.
(vertical angles are always supplementary, but supplementary angles do not need to be a linear pair) |
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Polygon
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Enclosed figure, with only straight line segments, and the sides only meet at endpoints.
Lies in a plane formed by segments |
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Side of a Polygon
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Line segments that form the polygon
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Vertex of a Polygon
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an endpoint where the sides meet (a corner)
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Diagonal of a Polygon
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a line segment that connects two nonconsecutive vertices
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Convex Polygon
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no diagonal is outside the polygon
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Concave Polygon
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at least one diagonal is outside the polygon
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Congruent Polygons
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corresponding sides and angles are congruent
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Equilateral Polygon
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all sides have equal length.
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Equilangular Polygon
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all sides have equal measure.
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Regular Polygon
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both equilangular and equilateral
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Triangle
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Polygon with 3 sides
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Quadrilateral
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Polygon with 4 sides
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Pentagon
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Polygon with 5 sides
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Hexagon
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Polygon with 6 sides
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Heptagon
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Polygon with 7 sides
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Octagon
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Polygon with 8 sides
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Nonagon
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Polygon with 9 sides
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Decagon
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Polygon with 10 sides
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Undecagon
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Polygon with 11 sides
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Dodecagon
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Polygon with 12 sides
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n-gon
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Polygon with 13 or more sides
ex. 13agon, 14agon, 15agon, etc. |
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Assume
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accept something as true without facts or proof.
ex. Which pairs of lines are parallel. >> can mean parallel lines. |
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Right triangle
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a triangle with one right angle
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Acute Triangle
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a triangle with three acute angles
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Acute Triangle
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a triangle with 3 acute angles
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Obtuse Triangle
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a triangle with 1 obtuse angle
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Scalene Triangle
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a triangle with no congruent sides
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Equilateral Triangle
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a triangle with 3 congruent sides
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Iscosceles Triangle
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a triangle with at least 2 congruent sides
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Trapezoid
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a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides.
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Parallelogram
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a quadrilateral with 2 pairs of parallel sides
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Kite
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a quadrilateral with 2 distinct pairs of consecutive congruent sides.
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Rhombus
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an equilateral parallelogram
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Rectangle
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a parallelogram with 4 congruent angles
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Square
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a regular quadrilateral OR an equilateral rectangle OR an equilateral rhombus
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Circle
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the set of all points in a plane at a given distance (radius) from a given point (center)
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Radius
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a segment from the center to a point on the edge of a circle
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Diameter
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a line segment with endpoints on a circle which contains the center
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Arc of a Circle
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2 points on a circle and all of the points on the circle between them
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Chord
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a line segment whose endpoints lie on the circle
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Tangent
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a line that intersects the circle only once (at the point of tangency)
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Semicircle
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an arc of a circle whose endpoints are also the endpoints of a diameter
(half of a circle) |
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Minor Arc
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an arc which is smaller than a semicircle (less than 180 degrees)
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Major Arc
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an arc which is larger than a semicircle
9greater than 180 degrees) |
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Central Angle
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The angle with its vertex at the center of the circle.
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Concentric Circles
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2 or more coplanar circles with the same center.
ex. a dart circle. |
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Locus of Points
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the set of points that satisfy a set of conditions.
ex. All points that are 3 cm away from point A. |
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Space
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all points in 3-dimensions.
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Conjecture
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a generalization made using inductive reasoning.
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Inductive Reasoning
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the process of observing data, recognizing patterns, and making generalizations about those patterns.
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Deductive Reasoning
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the process of showing that certain statements follow logically from agreed-upon assumptions and proven facts
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Linear Pair Conjecture
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If 2 angles form a linear pair, then the 2 angles are supplementary
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Vertical Angles Conjecture
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If 2 angles are vertical angles, then the two angles are congruent.
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Converse
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The "if" and the "then" are switched in an "if-then" statement.
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Paragraph Proof
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a logical explanation written as a paragraph.
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Transversal
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A line intersecting 2 or more lines in a plane
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Corresponding Angles
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The angles in matching corners formed by a transversal and parallel lines.
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Alternate Interior Angles
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Inside angles, opposites of the transverse, and share the same parallel lines.
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Alternate Exterior Angles
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opposite sides of the transversal that are outside the parallel lines, but can not share the same parallel line.
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Parallel Lines Conjecture
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If 2 parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the corresponding angles are congruent, alternate exterior angles are congruent, and alternate interior angles are congruent.
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Converse of the Parallel Lines Conjecture
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If two lines are cut by a transveral to form pairs of congruent corresponding angles, alternate interior angles, or alternate exterior angles, then the lines are parallel.
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