Honors English 10 Midterm Review

Front 1

Rhetorical Situation

Back 1

"Rhetoric"- the way we use language to ours add an audience

By using Exigence, Audience and Purpose

Front 2

Exigence

Back 2

The authors motive to create a text;

Context- Background info needed to understand the text

Front 3

Purpose

Back 3

what the writer wants the audience to do or consider

Front 4

Audience

Back 4

Intended: who the writer had in mind

Unintended: the reader

Disposition: how they act

Motives: what are their values?

Demographics: the make up of the audience

Front 5

Critical reasoning

Back 5

1)deciding what to believe

2)evaluating and judging beliefs

Hint 5

2 parts

Front 6

Sound arguments

Back 6

1. When the conclusion follows premises

2.Premises are true

Hint 6

2 points

Front 7

Validity

Back 7

When the conclusion follows from premises

Front 8

Modus Ponens

Back 8

1) If A, then B

2) A

THEREFORE- B

Front 9

Modus Tollens

Back 9

1) If A, then B

2) Not B

Therefore- not A

Front 10

Disjunctive Argument

Back 10

1) Either A or B

2) Not A

Therefore- B

1)Either A or B

2) Not B

Therefore-A

Front 11

Hypothetical Argument

Back 11

1) If A, then B

2) If B, then C

Therefore- If A, then C

Front 12

Chain Argument

Back 12

1)A

2) If A, then B

3) If B, then C

Therefore- C

Front 13

Predicate Instantiation

Back 13

1) All p1's are p2's

2) m is a p1

Therefore- m is a p2

Front 14

Universal Syllogism

Back 14

1) All p1s are p2s

2) All p2's are p3's

Therefore-All p1's are p3's

Front 15

Bare Assertion

Back 15

"Because I said so."

Front 16

Appeal to Authority

Back 16

Citing an authority to show a valid claim but the authority is not an expert in that field

Front 17

Ad Hominem

Back 17

"Attacking the speaker"

make your opponent look bad without addressing the actual argument at hand

Hint 17

"You're stupid"

Front 18

Straw Man

Back 18

based on misrepresentation of an opponents argument position. Twist their words.

Front 19

False Analogy

Back 19

comparing two things that are not alike at all

Front 20

Hasty Generalization

Back 20

basing your opinion on a whole group from one or two things you've seen or heard

Front 21

Begging the Question

Back 21

circular logic

Front 22

Red Herring

Back 22

basic idea: to lead the attention to another argument

Front 23

Tu Quoque

Back 23

Hypocrites

"You also"

Front 24

Appeal to Majority

Back 24

an argument that concludes a thing to be true to many of all people believe so

*majority rules

Front 25

Correlation implies Causation (False Cause)

Back 25

*Don't relate

two events occurring together are prematurely claimed to have the cause and effect relationship

Front 26

False Dilemma (False Choice)

Back 26

seems like there are only two choices, but there is really more than just the two

*not giving you all your options

Front 27

Slippery Slope

Back 27

an argument for the likelihood of one event leading to a series of other terrible events

Front 28

Appeal to Ignorance

Back 28

asserts that the conclusion must be true because it hasn't been proven false yet

Front 29

Denying the Antecedent

Back 29

1)If A, then B

2) Not A

Therefore- Not B

Front 30

Affirming the Consequent

Back 30

1) if A, then B

2) B

Therefore- A

Front 31

Egoism

Back 31

each mans moral obligation is to achieve his own wellfare, well -bring, or self-intrest

Front 32

Altruism

Back 32

man has no right for existing for his own sake *concern for self is evil, concern for others is good

Front 33

Independece

Back 33

suceeding or failing by the work of your own mind and ability; not relying on others

Front 34

Collectivism

Back 34

Giving over individual idenity and rights to the good

*COMMON GOOD

Front 35

Confomity

Back 35

to conform to standard, yeilding to authority

*making yourself think and act like other

Front 36

Individalism

Back 36

Independent, self-governing- someone who possesses inanlienable rights.

*group means nothing

Front 37

What core thematic terms does Ayn Rand agree with?

Back 37

-Individalism

-Egoism

-Independence

Front 38

What core thematic terms does Ayn Rand not agree with?

Back 38

-Collectivism

-Altruism

-Conformity

Front 39

Kurt Vonnegut's purpose?

Back 39

To make fun of the idea that people can actually be made equal

Front 40

What was Vonnegut implyin gwith Hazel's "short bursts" of thought, but with her "average" intellegence?

Back 40

that the new average was very very low

Front 41

What crime does Hazel tell George to commit?

Back 41

removing weight from his handicap burdens

Front 42

Why does Harrison's picture appear sideways and upside down?

Back 42

Because the girl who was controlling it didn't know how to control it because "average itelligence"

Front 43

Tone of Harrison Bergeron

Back 43

Sarcastic and cynical

Front 44

Tone of allegory of the cave

Back 44

Instructive

Front 45

The audience is intellectually curious was the only ______ made by _____

Back 45

was the only assumption made by Plato

Front 46

By portaying the subjects as shackeled prisoneers from birth, plato believed that..

Back 46

we are born ignorant