Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro To Cell Vocab

Front 1

Organism

Back 1

An independent individual that possesses all characteristics of life.

Front 2

Autotroph

Back 2

An organism that produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances or from the environment instead of consuming other organisms.

Front 3

Heterotroph

Back 3

An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or by eating their byproducts and that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic materials

Front 4

Sexual Reproduction

Back 4

Hereditary information recombines from 2 organisms of the same species the resulting off spring are similar but not identical to parents

Front 5

Asexual Reproduction

Back 5

Hereditary information from different organisms are not combined so original organism and new organism are the same (No parents, 1 organism only).

Front 6

Differentiation

Back 6

The process by which a less specialized cell devolops or matures to become more distinct in form and function

Front 7

Stem Cell

Back 7

Embryonic cell that has the potential to differentiate into a wide variety of cell types

Front 8

Metabolism

Back 8

Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes.

Front 9

Stimulus

Back 9

A signal to which an organism responds

Front 10

Homeostasis

Back 10

process by which organism maintain a reletivly stable internal environment

Front 11

Evolution

Back 11

the process by which organism as a group change over time; process where modern organisms have decended from ancienct organisms

Front 12

Hydrogen Bond

Back 12

the Intermolecular force occuring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecule is attached to two unshared electrons of another molecule

Front 13

Hydrolysis

Back 13

Chemical reaction in which a molecule is broken apart by the addition of H and OH from a water molecule

Front 14

Dehydration Synthesis

Back 14

Chemical reaction in which smaller molecules are joined together by removing an H and an OH to make a water molecule

Front 15

Catalyst

Back 15

A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed of changed significantly.

Front 16

Enzyme

Back 16

type of protein or RNA molecule that speds up metabolic recations in the pants and animals without perm. changied or destroyed

Front 17

Substrate

Back 17

a part. substance, one element that lies beneath and supports another part , substance, or element

Front 18

Active Site

Back 18

the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate

Front 19

Polar Molecule

Back 19

has uneven charge with more negative charge on one side and more positive on the other

Front 20

Hydrophilic

Back 20

describes a polar molecule that mixes easily with water; means "water loving"

Front 21

Hydrophobic

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describes a non-polar molecule tthat tries to stay away from water; means "water fearing"

Front 22

Monomer

Back 22

a molecule that may react to another molecule of the same type to form a larger molecule. Combine with other through chemical bonds to form a larger molecule as in polymer

Front 23

Polymer

Back 23

made by monomers link by chemical bonds. also produce by polynerication natural or synthetically sugar*

Front 24

Carbohydrate

Back 24

and group of the organic compounds that have carbon hydrogen and oxygen, suger startch and gums. something biomolecules

Front 25

Polysaccharide

Back 25

like glucosen, startch, and cellulose are made by joing many sugar molecules together.

Front 26

Lipid

Back 26

A fatty or waxy organic compound that is readily soluble in nonpolar solvent (e.g. ether) but not in polar solvent (e.g water). Its major biological functions involve energy storage, structural component of cell membrane, and cell signaling.

Front 27

Nucleic Acid

Back 27

Any of the group of complex compounds consisting of linear chains of monomeric nucleotides whereby each monomeric unit is composed of phosphoric acid, sugar and nitrogenous base, and involved in the preservation, replication, and expression of hereditary information in every living cell

The chains of nucleotides in a nucleic acid are linked by 3', 5' phosphodiester linkages.

Front 28

Nucleotide

Back 28

The basic building block of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. It is an organic compound made up of nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.

Front 29

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Back 29

single stranded nucleic acid that makes up ribosomes carries info from dna out to cel

Front 30

Deoxyribonucleuc Acid (DNA

Back 30

double stranded nucleic acid that stores gentic information in cells

Front 31

Protein

Back 31

amindo acids joing together to make this

Front 32

Amino Acid

Back 32

subunit used to make a protein.