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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Metabolism |
All of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell or organism |
____ can be conveniently divided into two categories: Catabolism and Anabolism |
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Biosynthesis |
The production of complex molecules within living organisms or cells |
Complex molecules are made in ____ |
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Decomposition |
Releases energy by breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules |
____ starts with something large and turns it into something smaller |
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Cell Respiration |
Set of chemical reactions used by all organisms to release energy from organic compounds to perform necessary life functions |
____ ____ releases energy |
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Aerobic |
Relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen |
____ needs oxygen |
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Anaerobic |
Relating to, involving, or requiring an absence of free oxygen |
____ can't have oxygen present |
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Fermentation |
The chemical breakdown of a substance by microorganisms |
____ typically involves the giving off of heat |
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Glycolysis |
The breakdown of glucose by enzymes |
____ releases energy and pyruvic acid |
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Glucose |
A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms |
____ is a component of many carbohydrates |
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Krebs Cycle |
The sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration |
____ takes place in the mitochondria ____ consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water as waste products |
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NAD+/NADH |
Two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. |
____ exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form |
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FAD/FADH2 |
A redox cofactor that is created during the Krebs cycle and utilized during the last part of respiration |
____ is also known as Flavin adenine dinucleotide |
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Electron Transport System |
The stage in cellular respiration in which oxidative phosphorylation occurs and a lot of the ATP is produced |
ATP is produced in the ____ ____ ____ |
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ATP |
Energy carrier used by all living things |
____ stores small amounts of chemical energy ____ is also known as adenosine triphosphate |
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Pyruvate |
Pyruvate is a very important biological molecule. It's involved in a number of biological processes and is essential in cellular respiration |
The conjugate base of Pyruvic acid is ____ The formula for ____ is CH₃COCOO− |
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Lactate |
A salt or ester of lactic acid |
____ levels are often looked at when someone is very sick |
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Lactic acid fermentation |
The process by which our muscle cells deal with pyruvate during anaerobic respiration |
____ ____ ____ occurs during anaerobic respiration |
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Mitochondrion |
An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur |
____ has a double membrane The inner layer of ____'s double membrane is folded inward to form cristae |
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Matrix |
The substance between cells or in which structures are embedded |
The stuff between the cells is called the ____ |
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Cristae |
Each of the partial partitions in a mitochondrion formed by folding in the inner membrane |
The name ____ is from the Latin word for crest or plume |
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Acetate |
A salt or ester of acetic acid |
____ contains the anion CH3COO− ____ can also contain the group —OCCH3 |
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Citrate |
A salt or ester of citric acid |
____ is a derivative of citric acid |
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Coenzyme A/acetyl CoA |
An important molecule in metabolism, used in many biochemical reactions |
____'s main function is to convey the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the Krebs cycle to be oxidized for energy production |
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Cytochromes |
Any of a number of compounds consisting of heme bonded to a protein |
____ function as electron transfer agents ____ is involved heavily in cellular respiration |
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Facultative aerobes |
An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present |
____ is able to switch to fermentation or anaerobic respiration if oxygen is absent |
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Obligate anaerobes |
An organism that lives and grows where oxygen levels are low |
____ are poisoned by oxygen |
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Obligate aerobes |
An organism that requires oxygen to grow |
____ use oxygen to metabolise substances, like sugars or fats, to obtain energy |
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Hydrolysis |
The chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water |
There are three main types of ____: salt, acid, and base |
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Oxidize |
To combine chemically with oxygen |
In chemistry, to oxidize something means that it undergoes a reaction in which electrons are lost to another species. |
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Reduce |
To make smaller |
When you ____ something you make it smaller |
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ATP Synthase |
An important enzyme that provides energy for the cell to use through the synthesis of ATP |
___ ____ provides energy |
