Honors Biology Chapter 2 Vocabulary

Front 1

Nutrients

Back 1

Raw materials needed to make complex molecules

Hint 1

Carbohydrates,Proteins, Minerals, Vitamins, Lipids/Fats, and Water are ____.

Front 2

Heterotrophs

Back 2

Obtain energy and nutrients from digesting other living or dead organisms

Hint 2

AKA Consumers

Front 3

Autotrophs

Back 3

Obtain energy and nutrients from nonliving sources like sunlight, minerals, air, etc.

Hint 3

AKA Producers

Front 4

Photoautotrophs

Back 4

Autotrophs that carry out photosynthesis

Hint 4

Uses the sun to make energy

Front 5

Photosynthesis

Back 5

Set of chemical reactions that uses light energy to produce organic compounds from CO2 and H2O

Hint 5

Photoautotrophs use this

Front 6

Chemoautotrophs

Back 6

Autotrophs that carry out chemosynthesis

Hint 6

Mostly bacteria or archaea

Front 7

Chemosynthesis

Back 7

Set of chemical reactions that uses chemical energy to produce organic compounds

Hint 7

Carried out by Chemoautotrophs

Front 8

Cell respiration

Back 8

Set of chemical reactions used by all organisms to release energy from organic compounds to perform necessary life functions

Hint 8

Done by heterotrophs, autotrophs, and decomposers

Front 9

Producers

Back 9

Organisms that make their own food

Hint 9

An autotroph is and example of a ____.

Front 10

Consumers

Back 10

Organisms that get their energy from eating other organisms

Hint 10

A heterotroph is an example of a ____.

Front 11

Decomposers

Back 11

An organism that breaks down matter and makes nutrients for the ecosystem

Hint 11

Usually a bacteria or fungus

Front 12

Food web

Back 12

Relationships formed between producers, consumers, and decomposers in an ecosystem to show the transfer of energy and nutrients

Hint 12

Interconnection of food chains

Front 13

Biotic

Back 13

Living things

Hint 13

Not dead

Front 14

Abiotic

Back 14

Nonliving things

Hint 14

The sun is an example of this.

Front 15

Ecosystem

Back 15

Includes all abiotic and biotic factors in a particular place

Hint 15

A coral reef is an ____.

Front 16

Habitats

Back 16

Part of an ecosystem where certain organisms live

Hint 16

Shallow water zone of a coral reef.

Front 17

Biosphere

Back 17

All of the ecosystems on Earth

Hint 17

Atmosphere + Lithosphere + Hydrosphere + Ecosphere = ____.

Front 18

Energy

Back 18

The strength required for sustained physical or mental activity

Hint 18

Moves in one direction through the food chain.

Much of it is lost as heat.

Front 19

Chemical energy

Back 19

Energy stored in molecules released during chemical reactions

Hint 19

Undergoes chemical change

Front 20

Free energy

Back 20

Portion of chemical energy that is available to do work

Hint 20

Part of chemical energy

Front 21

Heat Energy

Back 21

Can be transferred from one object to another and can be created when other forms of energy are lost

Hint 21

AKA Thermal energy

Front 22

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 22

Energy can not be created nor destroyed, but it can be converted into different forms

Hint 22

Law of Conservation of Energy

Front 23

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 23

Systems tend to change in a way that increases the entropy of the system and its surroundings

Hint 23

Disorder increases in the _ ___ __ _________.

Front 24

Entropy

Back 24

Disorder in a system

Hint 24

Not ordered

Front 25

Enzymes

Back 25

Proteins that lower the activation energy needed for biochemical reactions to occur, allowing for a much faster rate of reaction

Hint 25

Substrate only fits one way.

Front 26

Catalysts

Back 26

Any chemicals that lower activation energy; enzymes are biological catalysts

Hint 26

All know enzymes are ____.

Front 27

Active site

Back 27

Small region of an enzyme's tertiary structure that matches up with a small region on the reactants

Hint 27

The ____ ____ bonds with the substrate.

Front 28

Substrate

Back 28

The substance that an enzyme acts on

Hint 28

The ____ bonds with the active site.

Front 29

Metabolism

Back 29

Substances are broken down to make energy for vital processes while other substances that are necessary for life are made

Hint 29

My brother has a fast ________.

Front 30

Synthesis

Back 30

Rection of chemical compounds from simpler materials

Hint 30

A + B --> AB

Front 31

Decomposition

Back 31

Breaking down

Hint 31

AB --> A + B

Front 32

Biosynthesis

Back 32

Production of complex molecules within living organisms or cells

Hint 32

An upscaled synthesis

Front 33

Oxidation

Back 33

Loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state

Hint 33

____ originally described reactions where elements combined with oxygen.

Front 34

ATP

Back 34

Serves as a source of energy for metabolic processes. Stores energy

Hint 34

AKA Adenosine triphosphate

Front 35

ADP

Back 35

ATP that is broken down by hydrolysis during cell metabolism. Releases energy

Hint 35

AKA Adenosine diphosphate