Justin Poitras M4 Honors Biology Chapter 2

Front 1

Nutrients

Back 1

Compounds that are broken down to create complex molecules for cellular use.

Hint 1

______ are used for organisms to create molecules they can use in their cells.

Front 2

Heterotrophs

Back 2

Organisms that acquire energy and nutrients by ingesting other organisms (living or dead)

Hint 2

A bear eats a fish to get energy and nutrients. The bear is a_____

Front 3

Autotrophs

Back 3

Organisms that acquire energy and nutrients by processing non living things.

Hint 3

Sunlight, minerals, and air could be sources of energy for ________

Front 4

Photoautotrophs

Back 4

Organisms that absorb sunlight and through the process of photosynthesis, create CO2 and H2O

Hint 4

Organisms who use photosynthesis to create energy are ________

Front 5

Photosynthesis

Back 5

The process photoautotrophs use to create energy by performing chemical reactions using light to create CO2 and H2O

Hint 5

Photoautotrophs use _______ to create energy

Front 6

Chemoautotrophs

Back 6

An autotroph that uses chemosynthesis to obtain energy.

Hint 6

Bacteria in a hydrothermal vent could be a _______

Front 7

Chemosynthesis

Back 7

The process of chemical reactions that use chemical energy to create compounds for use within an organism.

Hint 7

Chemoautotrophs use ______ to obtain energy

Front 8

Cell Respiration

Back 8

Chemical reactions that release energy and are needed for all organisms to carry out vital life functions

Hint 8

Releasing of energy

Front 9

Producers

Back 9

Any autotrophic organism that produces its own food

Hint 9

An autotroph

Front 10

Consumers

Back 10

Any heterotrophic organism that ingests other organisms as their primary source for energy.

Hint 10

A heterotroph

Front 11

Decomposers

Back 11

An organism that feeds on decaying organic material for energy and nutrients

Hint 11

A rotting apple is decaying from mold. The mold is a ______

Front 12

Food Web

Back 12

Diagram that displays relationships formed between organisms in an ecosystem to show the transfer of energy and nutrients

Hint 12

Similar to the circle of life

Front 13

Biotic

Back 13

Relating to a living component of an ecosystem

Hint 13

The living organisms of the food web

Front 14

Abiotic

Back 14

A physical or non living component of an ecosystem

Hint 14

Soil, minerals, water, weather, etc.

Front 15

Ecosystem

Back 15

A biological community and it's abiotic environment

Hint 15

A forest, pond, ocean, etc.

Front 16

Habitats

Back 16

Places within each ecosystem where certain organisms live

Hint 16

Such as the bottom of a pond, the shore, etc.

Front 17

Biosphere

Back 17

The combination of all ecosystems and all life within them

Hint 17

All ecosystems combine to make this

Front 18

Energy

Back 18

The capacity to do work or to cause change

Hint 18

All organisms need this, they obtain by eating, using sunlight, etc.

Front 19

Chemical Energy

Back 19

Energy stored in the structure of molecules

Hint 19

Stored in the organic molecules from which the organisms are made

Front 20

Free Energy

Back 20

Energy that is available to do work within an organism

Hint 20

Such as the energy plants use for growing and producing food

Front 21

Heat energy

Back 21

Energy that is not available to do work within an organism and is expelled

Hint 21

Released from a burning log

Front 22

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 22

States that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change form

Hint 22

Principles that describe energy conversions

Front 23

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 23

States that systems tend to change in a way that increases the disorder of the system plus its surroundings

Hint 23

Talks about the disorder of systems

Front 24

Entropy

Back 24

Tendency towards disorder

Hint 24

What happens when organisms are not organized

Front 25

Enzymes

Back 25

Special proteins that lower the activation energy required to make a reaction within an organism occur

Hint 25

They greatly speed up chemical reactions

Front 26

Catalysts

Back 26

Molecules that increase reaction rate by lowering activation energy.

Hint 26

An enzyme is a ______

Front 27

Active site

Back 27

The portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate through weak chemical bonds

Hint 27

Determines the kind of reaction catalyzed by an enzyme

Front 28

Substrate

Back 28

A molecule on which enzymes act on

Hint 28

The starting molecule

Front 29

Metabolism

Back 29

The sum of all the chemical changes taking place in an organism

Hint 29

There are two types, "building up" reactions or synthesis

Front 30

Synthesis

Back 30

The process of building chemical compounds from smaller components by means of chemical reactions

Hint 30

One type of metabolism

Front 31

Decomposition

Back 31

The process of breaking substances down into smaller units

Hint 31

Another type of metabolism

Front 32

Biosynthesis

Back 32

The process of using free energy to enable organisms to grow and maintain their structure

Hint 32

The process of ________ allows organisms to maintain life

Front 33

Oxidation

Back 33

The removal of electrons from a molecule

Hint 33

Allows for free energy to be released from decomposition

Front 34

ATP

Back 34

Adenosine triphosphate; used by cells to store energy and to fuel many metabolic processes

Hint 34

A compound that has three phosphate groups

Front 35

ADP

Back 35

Adenosine diphosphate; Molecule that changes into ATP which is used for the storage of energy. Consists of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen

Hint 35

Consists of two parts, one physical and the other chemical