Honors Bio Chapter 2 Vocab

Front 1

Heterotrophs

Back 1

Obtain energy, nutrients, and carbon atoms from other organisms. Living or dead

Hint 1

Ex: . Heterotrophs cannot synthesize organic carbon-based compounds

Front 2

Autotrophs

Back 2

Organisms that obtain energy and nutrients from non living sources such as sun, minerals, and the air.

Hint 2

Ex: plants and certain bacteria. Autotrophs use light for energy.

Front 3

Photoautotrophs

Back 3

Organisms that takes energy from light and forms it's own organic compounds from abiotic carbon sources and water. Use photosynthesis

Hint 3

Ex: plants. Photoautotrophs use sunlight to get energy.

Front 4

Chemoautotrophs

Back 4

Obtain fee energy from inorganic chemicals in the environment. Use chemosynthesis to capture energy stored as chemical energy, used for cellular work.

Hint 4

Ex: bacteria. They use chemical energy rather than solar.

Front 5

Cell respiration

Back 5

H

Hint 5

G

Front 6

Cell respiration

Back 6

Chemical reactions that releases fee energy of organic compounds. Found in both autotrophs and heterotrophs

Hint 6

Ex: glucose. How cells make their ATP

Front 7

Producers

Back 7

Autotrophs that produce food for other organisms

Hint 7

Ex: grass. Producers the food for other organisms

Front 8

Consumers

Back 8

G

Hint 8

H

Front 9

Consumers

Back 9

Heterotrophs that consume plants and other organisms for food

Hint 9

Ex: animals. Animals consume plants as their food.

Front 10

Decomposers

Back 10

Heterotrophs that break down and use dead plants and animals for food

Hint 10

Ex: bacteria and fungi. Decomposers are like mushrooms.

Front 11

Biotic

Back 11

H

Hint 11

G

Front 12

Biotic

Back 12

H

Hint 12

G

Front 13

Abiotic

Back 13

D

Front 14

Biotic

Back 14

The living factors in a food web

Hint 14

Ex: mountain lion. Living things that are consumers

Front 15

Abiotic

Back 15

Non living factors in a food web

Hint 15

Ex: soil, minerals, water, and weather. The food web depend on the abiotic factors.

Front 16

Ecosystem

Back 16

Made up of biotic and abiotic components that has many habitats, where there are particular places for every organism to live

Hint 16

Ex: pond, underground/above. Ecosystems have a place for all organisms to live.

Front 17

Habitats

Back 17

H

Front 18

Habitats

Back 18

H

Front 19

Biosphere

Back 19

H

Front 20

Habitats

Back 20

H

Front 21

Biosphere

Back 21

H

Front 22

Energy

Back 22

H

Front 23

Habitats

Back 23

H

Front 24

Biosphere

Back 24

H

Front 25

Energy

Back 25

H

Front 26

Chemical energy

Back 26

H

Front 27

Habitats

Back 27

H

Front 28

Biosphere

Back 28

H

Front 29

Energy

Back 29

H

Front 30

Chemical energy

Back 30

H

Front 31

Free energy

Back 31

H

Front 32

Habitats

Back 32

H

Front 33

Biosphere

Back 33

H

Front 34

Energy

Back 34

H

Front 35

Chemical energy

Back 35

H

Front 36

Free energy

Back 36

H

Front 37

Heat energy

Back 37

J

Front 38

Habitats

Back 38

H

Front 39

Biosphere

Back 39

H

Front 40

Energy

Back 40

H

Front 41

Chemical energy

Back 41

H

Front 42

Free energy

Back 42

H

Front 43

Heat energy

Back 43

J

Front 44

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 44

J

Front 45

Habitats

Back 45

H

Front 46

Biosphere

Back 46

H

Front 47

Energy

Back 47

H

Front 48

Chemical energy

Back 48

H

Front 49

Free energy

Back 49

H

Front 50

Heat energy

Back 50

J

Front 51

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 51

J

Front 52

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 52

H

Front 53

Habitats

Back 53

H

Front 54

Biosphere

Back 54

H

Front 55

Energy

Back 55

H

Front 56

Chemical energy

Back 56

H

Front 57

Free energy

Back 57

H

Front 58

Heat energy

Back 58

J

Front 59

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 59

J

Front 60

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 60

H

Front 61

Entripy

Back 61

H

Front 62

Habitats

Back 62

H

Front 63

Biosphere

Back 63

H

Front 64

Energy

Back 64

H

Front 65

Chemical energy

Back 65

H

Front 66

Free energy

Back 66

H

Front 67

Heat energy

Back 67

J

Front 68

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 68

J

Front 69

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 69

H

Front 70

Entripy

Back 70

H

Front 71

Enzymes

Back 71

H

Front 72

Habitats

Back 72

H

Front 73

Actives site

Back 73

J

Front 74

Biosphere

Back 74

H

Front 75

Energy

Back 75

H

Front 76

Chemical energy

Back 76

H

Front 77

Free energy

Back 77

H

Front 78

Heat energy

Back 78

J

Front 79

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 79

J

Front 80

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 80

H

Front 81

Entripy

Back 81

H

Front 82

Enzymes

Back 82

H

Front 83

Habitats

Back 83

H

Front 84

Actives site

Back 84

J

Front 85

Substrate

Back 85

H

Front 86

Biosphere

Back 86

H

Front 87

Energy

Back 87

H

Front 88

Chemical energy

Back 88

H

Front 89

Free energy

Back 89

H

Front 90

Heat energy

Back 90

J

Front 91

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 91

J

Front 92

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 92

H

Front 93

Entripy

Back 93

H

Front 94

Enzymes

Back 94

H

Front 95

Habitats

Back 95

H

Front 96

Actives site

Back 96

J

Front 97

Substrate

Back 97

H

Front 98

Metabolism

Back 98

H

Front 99

Biosphere

Back 99

H

Front 100

Energy

Back 100

H

Front 101

Chemical energy

Back 101

H

Front 102

Free energy

Back 102

H

Front 103

Heat energy

Back 103

J

Front 104

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 104

J

Front 105

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 105

H

Front 106

Entripy

Back 106

H

Front 107

Enzymes

Back 107

H

Front 108

Habitats

Back 108

H

Front 109

Actives site

Back 109

J

Front 110

Substrate

Back 110

H

Front 111

Metabolism

Back 111

H

Front 112

Synthesis

Back 112

H

Front 113

Biosphere

Back 113

H

Front 114

Energy

Back 114

H

Front 115

Chemical energy

Back 115

H

Front 116

Free energy

Back 116

H

Front 117

Heat energy

Back 117

J

Front 118

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 118

J

Front 119

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 119

H

Front 120

Entripy

Back 120

H

Front 121

Enzymes

Back 121

H

Front 122

Habitats

Back 122

Places where particular organisms live

Hint 122

Ex: pond. A dog and a dolphin live in very different habitats.

Front 123

Biosphere

Back 123

Made up of all ecosystems

Hint 123

Ex: coral reefs, marshes, deserts, and forest. These are examples of biospheres.

Front 124

Energy

Back 124

Key to maintaining organization in all living systems

Hint 124

Ex: light. Energy comes in many different ways.

Front 125

Chemical energy

Back 125

Energy stored in the structure of molecules

Hint 125

Ex: natural gases. Chemical energy is stored in chemicals.

Front 126

Free energy

Back 126

Energy that is able to do work

Hint 126

Ex: thermodynamic. Free energy is a broad type of energy.

Front 127

Heat energy

Back 127

Energy that makes particles and molecules move faster increasing its it's energy of motion

Hint 127

Ex: sun. Anything that gives off heat is heat energy.

Front 128

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 128

Stated that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change form

Hint 128

Ex: pendulum. The energy of the universe is a constant.

Front 129

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 129

States that energy transfers and transformations increase entropy of the universe

Hint 129

Ex: entropy. Organisms are disorganized.

Front 130

Entropy

Back 130

The disorder of a system or organism and it's surroundings

Hint 130

Ex: soda pop fizzing. My room being very messy and out of order is entropy.

Front 131

Enzymes

Back 131

Proteins that lower the activation energy required to make a reaction proceed

Hint 131

Ex: proteins. Enzymes are also called proteins which are in many things.

Front 132

Actives site

Back 132

Small area of the tertiary structure that has the exact shape of starting molecule or molecules

Hint 132

Ex: substrate molecules combining. Active site is a place on the tertiary structure.

Front 133

Substrate

Back 133

The close fit between the starting molecule and active site

Hint 133

Ex: enzyme. A substrate is an enzyme.

Front 134

Metabolism

Back 134

Consists of all chemical activities and changes that take place in a color an organism

Hint 134

Ex: synthesis and decomposition. Decomposition are the breaking down reactions of metabolism.

Front 135

Synthesis

Back 135

"Building up" reactions of metabolism. Type of metabolism. Includes biosynthesis.

Hint 135

Ex: formation of glucose. Synthesis includes biosynthesis

Front 136

Decomposition

Back 136

"Breaking down" reaction of metabolism, larger molecules break down into smaller molecules

Hint 136

Ex: glycogen into glucose. Almost all reactions of decomposition involve enzymes.

Front 137

Biosynthesis

Back 137

H

Front 138

Biosynthesis

Back 138

H

Front 139

Oxidation

Back 139

H

Front 140

Biosynthesis

Back 140

H

Front 141

Oxidation

Back 141

H

Front 142

ATP

Back 142

H

Front 143

Biosynthesis

Back 143

Forms larger, more complex biomolecules from smaller and less complex ones. Build proteins from amino acids, and build tissue from protein.

Hint 143

Ex: DNA from nucleotides. Biosynthesis can make blood and muscle from proteins.

Front 144

Oxidation

Back 144

Process of decomposition, removal of electrons from a molecule, certain bonds are broken and rearranged, some of the energy released as heat or free energy.

Hint 144

Ex: ATP. Oxidation is a process of decomposition

Front 145

ATP

Back 145

Adenosine triphosphate. Compound that has three phosphate groups and a adenine and ribose, used by cells to store energy and to fuel many metabolic processes, drives reactions of biosynthesis, makes it a useful energy-transfer molecule in cells

Hint 145

Ex: Nucleotide. ATP is a nucleotide.

Front 146

Digestion

Back 146

Process that breaks down food collectively

Hint 146

Ex: Chewing food. There are two types of digestion, chemical and physical.

Front 147

Pepsin

Back 147

H

Front 148

Pepsin

Back 148

H

Front 149

Small intestines

Back 149

H

Front 150

Pepsin

Back 150

H

Front 151

Small intestines

Back 151

H

Front 152

Salivary amylase

Back 152

H

Front 153

Pepsin

Back 153

H

Front 154

Small intestines

Back 154

H

Front 155

Salivary amylase

Back 155

H

Front 156

Lipase

Back 156

H

Front 157

Pepsin

Back 157

Active protein-digesting enzyme in the stomach, breaks down large protein molecules into smaller polypeptides

Hint 157

Ex: enzyme. Pepsin is an enzyme

Front 158

Small intestines

Back 158

Further digestion breaks down polypeptides into amino acids. Pancreatic juice enters the intestine and shifts the pH from acidic to basic so it able those polypeptides

Hint 158

Ex: trypsin. Trypsin breaks down the polypeptides in the small intestines.

Front 159

Salivary amylase

Back 159

Enzyme in saliva that begins digestion of starch, converts starch into disaccharides

Hint 159

Ex: starch. Salivary amylase converts starch into disaccharides.

Front 160

Lipase

Back 160

Fat digesting enzyme that is secreted in the pancreatic and intestinal juices, splits fats and fatty acids into glycerol

Hint 160

Ex: fats. Lipase is an enzyme.

Front 161

Villi

Back 161

Small finger like projections that increases the surface area of the intestinal lining, contained capillaries, serve as entry points of the blood streams

Hint 161

Ex: capillaries. Villi contains capillaries.