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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA |
specifies primary structure of proteins Made up of 4 nitrogen bases like Thymine A, T, C, G |
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RNA |
Half of DNA Uses sugar ribose, not deoxyribose |
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Gene expression |
Genetic directions or instructions are used to synthesize normally proteins |
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mRNA |
The RNA that copies the sequences of bases in DNA. Brings information to the ribosomes. Made during transcription |
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rRNA |
A structural part of ribosomes. Acts like the cytoskeleton of a cell and like a protein |
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tRNA |
Carries single amino acids to ribosomes in order Builds proteins during translation |
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Genetic code |
Four nucleotides of DNA used as a code for order of proteins and amino acids A,T,C,G are used in a sequence to code |
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Codon |
Triplet sequence of nucleotides in mRNA There are 20 possible amino acids that are specified by this or created. |
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Anticodon |
Triplet sequence of nucleotides in tRNA Corresponds to an mRNA codon |
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Hormone |
Chemical substance which controls and regulates certaint cells activities. |
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Transcription |
The process of building RNA More complicated in eukaryote cells |
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RNA Polymerase |
Transcription enzyme which attaches to one of the DNA strands Joins RNA nucleotides according to the base sequence in DNA |
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RNA Processing |
Modifies the RNA before it leaves nucleus Like golgi body of cell which modifies proteins |
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Intron |
Segments of RNA that does not code for proteins Opposite of Exons |
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Exon |
segments of RNA that does code for proteins Opposite of Introns |
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Splicing |
Like combining two ends of ropes together burning/ melting the rope Or combining two peices of wood with glue Combines two introns |
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Translation |
Occurs at ribosomes After Transcription |
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Peptide bond |
Amino acids are able to form these with next's tRNA amino acids Bond fromed between molecules chemically that attach to amino acids |
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Translational error |
Messes up the sequence of building |
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Frame shift mutation |
This is the most common type of mutation Is caused by in misreading the nucleotide sequence |
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Viruses |
Small infectious agent which replicates inside only living cells Can happen to all types of life |
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Bacteriophage |
A virus that infects and replicates in bacterium |
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Lusogenic infection |
the process when viral DNA is added to host's cell DNA |
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Lytic infection |
Infection of bacterium by bacteriophage. Produces more phage particles |
