Honors Bio, Ch. 5, Elizabeth Roy

Front 1

Metabolism

Back 1

The reactions that occur in an organism, specifically synthesis and decomposition.

Hint 1

1) Breaks down large molecules and builds large molecules.

2) Uses ATP energy

Front 2

Biosynthesis

Back 2

The building of large molecules in an organism.

Hint 2

1) Like Synthesis

2) Used in metabolism.

Front 3

Decomposition

Back 3

The breaking down of large molecules.

Hint 3

1) Occurs in metabolism.

2) Opposite of synthesis.

Front 4

Cell Respiration

Back 4

Multiple decomposition reactions in an organism that breaks down sugars into CO2 and water.

Hint 4

1) There are two types of _______________, aerobic and anaerobic.

2) Provides energy for the cell.

Front 5

Aerobic

Back 5

With oxygen.

Hint 5

1) A type of respiration.

2) Uses the Krebs Cycle.

Front 6

Anerobic

Back 6

Without oxygen.

Hint 6

1) A type of respiration.

2) Uses Fermentation.

Front 7

Fermentation

Back 7

Less efficient way to produce energy than aerobic respiration where NADH and Pyruvate are recycled.

Hint 7

1) Converts NADH and Pyruvate to NAD+ and a acid.

2) Humans create lactate.

Front 8

Glycolysis

Back 8

The first step of respiration, which occurs in the cytoplasm.

Hint 8

1) Enzymes partially oxidize glucose to create pyruvate.

2) Forms 2 NADH and 2 net ATP

Front 9

Glucose

Back 9

Stable form of energy which is required for respiration.

Hint 9

1) 2 PGAL form __________.

2) When ________ is decomposed, it releases energy in the for of ATP.

Front 10

Krebs Cycle

Back 10

Completes the breakdown of glucose from glycolysis, to form electron carriers and supply carbon skeletons.

Hint 10

1) The second step in aerobic respiration.

2) Only supplies a small amount of ATP.

Front 11

NAD+/NADH

Back 11

A form of short term energy storage in cellular respiration.

Hint 11

1) Like ATP and ADP.

2) Like FAD and FAD2

Front 12

FAD/FADH2

Back 12

A form of short term energy storage in cellular respiration.

Hint 12

1) Like ATP and ADP.

2) Like FAD and FAD2.

Front 13

Electron Transport System (ETS)

Back 13

Carries electrons and transfers electrons to other carriers to harness the most energy.

Hint 13

1) Final step of aerobic respiration.

2) Not only found in cellular respiration, also occurs in the Calvin Cycle.

Front 14

ATP

Back 14

A form of short term energy storage.

Hint 14

1) Universal form of short term energy storage, not just found in cellular respiration.

2) Most common form of short term energy storage.

Front 15

Pyruvate

Back 15

A reduced form of glucose.

Hint 15

1) Used in cellular respiration.

2) ____________is reduced in glycolysis.

Front 16

Lactate

Back 16

The acid that is recycled in anaerobic respiration, which is only used by some organisms.

Hint 16

1) Other acids in fermentation could be ethanol and acetic.

2) The reason why muscles are sore after an anaerobic workout.

Front 17

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Back 17

The second step in some types of anaerobic respiration.

Hint 17

1) Other acids in fermentation could be ethanol and acetic.

2) The reason why muscles are sore after an anaerobic workout.

Front 18

Mitochondrion

Back 18

Site of the Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport System.

Hint 18

1) Where the majority of energy is produced in aerobic respiration

2) Uses pyruvate.

Front 19

Matrix

Back 19

The fluid inner area of a mitochondria.

Hint 19

1) Site of the Krebs Cycle

2) Site of the ETS

Front 20

Cristae

Back 20

The folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondria.

Hint 20

1) The ______ touches the inside of a mitochondria.

2) The __________ has all the enzymes needed for the ETS and ATP formation.

Front 21

Acetate

Back 21

An organic acid released in the mitochondria from pyruvate.

Hint 21

1) Created in the Krebs Cycle.

2) ___________ is what is left of pyruvate when a CO2 is released.

Front 22

Citrate

Back 22

Acetate combines acetyl CoA with a 4-carbon acid to form this 6 carbon acid.

Hint 22

1) This is created is step b of the Krebs Cycle.

2) ________ is oxidized and rearranged in steps c and d of the Krebs Cycle.

Front 23

Coenzyme A / Acetyl CoA

Back 23

Is a carrier molecule that binds to acetate to form this complex.

Hint 23

1) __________ brings acetate to the Krebs Cycle.

2) When enzymes combine with acetate they form ____________.

Front 24

Cytochromes

Back 24

A type of protein in the Electron Transport System.

Hint 24

1) The ETS is made up of easily oxidized and reduced molecules as well as proteins, one of which is ____________.

2) ____________ are found in the inner membrane of mitochondria.

Front 25

Facultative Aerobes

Back 25

A type of bacteria that can survive a long time without oxygen.

Hint 25

1)_____________ switch between using fermentation and aerobic respiration.

2) The switching of ____________ depends on the oxygen supply.

Front 26

Obligate Anaerobes

Back 26

Generate ATP only through fermentation or anaerobic respiration.

Hint 26

1) ______________ are poisoned by oxygen.

2) Opposite of obligate aerobes.

Front 27

Obligate Aerobes

Back 27

These organisms can not survive long periods of time without oxygen.

Hint 27

1) Most organisms (plants and animals) are ___________.

2) Opposite of facultative aerobes.

Front 28

Hydrolysis

Back 28

The process of breaking down an amino acid until it is completely decomposed by inserting H and OH.

Hint 28

1) ____________ is not a precise process.
2) ___________ occurs in the stomach and intestines.

Front 29

Oxidize

Back 29

A reaction in which the substance loses high energy electrons.

Hint 29

1) The LEO part in LEO says GER.

2) _____ation turns NAD+ into NADH.

Front 30

Reduce

Back 30

A reaction in which a substance is broken down.

Hint 30

1) Oxygen is __________ so it's components can be used for other processes.

2) Glucose is ____________ into pyruvate.

Front 31

ATP Synthase

Back 31

The process that turns ADP into ATP.

Hint 31

1) ______________ uses a concentration gradient of electrons to work.

2) _____________ is a cycle where ATP and ADP are recycled to continuously store short term energy.