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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Edwin L. Drake
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Successfully used a steam engine to drill for oil near Titusville, Pennsylvania in 1859.
Marked removing oil from beneath the earth's surface becoming practical. |
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Bessemer process
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a cheap and efficient process for making steel
developed around 1850 by British manufacturer Henry Bessemer and American ironmaker WIlliam Kelly involved injecting air into molten iron to remove carbon and other impurities |
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Thomas Alva Edison
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Established the world's first research labaoratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey in 1876
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Christopher Sholes
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Invented the typewriter in 1867
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Alexander Graham Bell
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unveiled the telephone in 1876
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transcontinental railroad
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a railroad line linking the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States
completed in 1869 |
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George M. Pullman
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built a factory for manufacturing sleepers and other railroad cars on the Illinois prairie in 1880
built nearby town for employees provided for almost all of workers' basic needs town of Pullman remained firmly under company control violent strike in 1894 after refusal to lower rent after cutting pay |
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Crédit Mobilier
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a construction company formed in 1864 by owners of the Union Pacific Railroad, who used it to fraudulently skim off railroad profits for themselves
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Munn v. Illinois
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an 1877 case in which the Supreme Court upheld states' regulation of railroad for the benefit of farmers and consumers, thus establishing right of government to regulate private industry to serve the public interest
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Interstate Commerce Act
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a law, enacted in 1887, that established the federal government's right to supervise railroad activities and created a five-member Interstate Commerce Commission to do so.
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Andrew Carnegie
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One of the first industrial moguls to make his own fortune. Was a philanthropist.
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vertical integration
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a company's taking over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain total control over the quality and the cost of its product
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horizontal integration
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the merging of companies that make similar products
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Social Darwinism
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an economic and social philosophy - supposedly based on the biologist Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection - holding that a system of unrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest
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John D. Rockefeller
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established the Standard Oil Company
had the approach of competing companies joining in trust agreements towards mergers |
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Sherman Antitrust Act
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a law, enacted in 1890, that was intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade
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Samuel Gompers
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led the Cigar Makers' International Union to join with other craft unions in 1886
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American Federation of Labor (AFL)
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an alliance of trade and craft unions, formed in 1886
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Eugene V. Debs
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made the first major attempt to form an industrial union - the American Railway Union (ARU)
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Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
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a labor organization for unskilled workers, formed by a group of radical unionists and socialists in 1905
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Mary Harris Jones
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perhaps the most prominent organizer in the women's labor movement
supported the Great Strike of 1877 organized for the United MIne Workers of American (UMW) endured death threats nickname = Mother Jones lead 80 mill children on a march to the home of Pres. Teddy Roosevelt in 1903 to expose the cruelties of child labor, influenced the passage of child labor laws |
