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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the components of honey?
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what are some vitamins found in honey?
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What are antimicrobial properties of honey?
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High osmotic pressure (hydroscopic)
• Hydrogen peroxide • Low pH (ave. 3.9) • Flavonoids |
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What is an antioxidant?
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A molecule that inhibits oxidation, which can
result in free radicals that damage or destroy cells. |
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how do antioxidants get into honey?
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floral sources
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What does a darker honey give away about its contents?
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higher antioxidant levels
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which floral sources give the most antioxidants?
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1) Buckwheat
2) Soy 3) Hawaiian Christmas berry 4) Clover |
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what are the seven categories of honey?
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1) water white
2) extra white 3) white, 4) extra light amber 5) light amber 6) amber 7) dark amber |
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how does honey crystallize?
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Crystallization happens when glucose
precipitates out of solution |
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what's the typical moisture content of honey of grade A honey?
what's the content of substandard honey? |
-18.6%
-above 20% |
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which floral choices produce highest sugar content?
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1) basswood
2) blackberry 3) Buckwheat |
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how do you make creamed honey?
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Seed liquid honey with crystallized honey or dextrose (AKA
glucose), blend it in, and maintain at about 45°F for a week or two |
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how do you measure sugar content of honey?
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Refractometers
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what's Terroir?
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taste of honey defined by soil,
climate and possibly other factors |
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what are you tasting for in honey?
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Botanical origin (unifloral, multifloral)
• Sugar concentration/composition • ‘Terroir’ – taste of a placed defined by soil, climate and possibly other factors • Aroma and flavor wheels |
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what are possible aromatic attributes of honey tasting?
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what are nose/mouth feel attributes of honey tasting?
what about aftertaste/afterfeel? |
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what are flavor attributes of honey?
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which honey's did we like best?
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1) Orange blossom
2) BC Honey |
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worker bees work in the nest for ___ and then begin foraging?
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3 weeks
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what are the 3 developmental stages that take place w/in capped cell?
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egg
larva pupa |
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A: queen
B: Drone C: Worker |
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what's the codex definition of honey?
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how much honey does an average bee make in its lifetime?
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1 1/2 teaspoon
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what are products from beekeeping?
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honey (extracted, or section cut)
wax pollen royal jelly propolis bee brood (to eat) bee venom service of pollination mead (you can also sell supplies like supers to bee keepers) |
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whats the per capita consumption of honey?
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1.3 lbs
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verroa destructor
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how can you test for varroa mite?
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what are pros cons of sticky/sugar rolls/& brood capping
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what are controls for varroa mites?
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-hygienic queens
-screen bottom boards -brood capping -heat (104-110 F for 4 hrs) -fungus -miticide |
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how does this affect bees?
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tracheal mite
Too many mites blocks the airway and workers become physically weaker and die earlier compared to healthy bees. |
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what are tracheal mite controls?
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Menthol (fumigant)
Formic acid gel packs Grease patties Miticides (acaricides_ Resistant stock |
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what is this testing for?
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Ropey test
This tests for American Foul Brood The “goo” left by AFB-killed larvae can be drawn to form a "rope". EFB - killed larvae do not form rope easily. |
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small hive beetle
Aethina tumida |
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how do you manage the small hive beetle?
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-Monitoring
– Hive examination – Trapping – Strong colonies – Treatment of soil with insecticide (to kill pupae leaving colony to burrow in soil) |
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queen cup
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whats this?
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queen cell
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how do you prevent swarms?
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• Provision of plenty of room for brood nest
expansion • Adequate nectar storage/honey ripening space • Optimal hive environmental conditions • Sufficient hive ventilation • Young queens |
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yes, I'm asking this again
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The miller method
specific hive cut to produce maximum queen space |
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what are the cell types?
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what's grafting?
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the process of transferring larva
from the worker cell of the breeder's hive to an artificial queen cell. |
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costs to get started bee keeping (25 hives)
total investment? |
Bees: per unit $60 x 25 = $1,875
Brood boxes/frames/foundation: $50 x 25 = $1,250 Tops/bottoms/inner covers: x 25 = $625 honey supers: x 25 = 1,550 clothing: $100 hive tools/smokers: $35 x 2: $70 feeders: $3 x 25 = $75 queen excluders: $5 x 5 = $25 fume boards/bee escapes: $9 x 10 = $90 extractor: $300 used bottling tank: $700 used uncapping tank: $95 uncapping knife: $40 salaries: $300 insurance: $20 marketing: $35 per month total: $7,025 |
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how much can you make?
25 hives, 20 lbs honey/hive, $6/lbl honey = $3000 To pay back your spending in one year on your new 25 hives, how much honey per hive must be produced, and how much do you have to sell it per lb? |
each hive must produce 35 lbs, and you need to sell at $8 a lbl. even then you're down $25
(you make $7000, it costs $7025 to get your hives together) |
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what are the two plant types?
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pistulates
staminates |
