Homo Erectus

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Homo Erectus
Dates

Back 1

1.8/1.9mya-300,000/200,000

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Homo Erectus Skull

Back 2

1) Long, low flattish skull
2) Thick bones
3) Sagittal keel (no space for muscle attachment)
4) Thick Brows (supraorbital taurus thickening
5) Sloping forehead, less prognathic than homo habilis
6) max. width comes low on skull, makes back of head look like pentagon
7) strong occipital angle

Front 3

Homo Erectus Brain

Back 3

Brain size is btwn 700-1250cc with avg. 941ccc dramatic increase from homo habilis
Their organization is the same as humans

Front 4

Homo Erectus Dentition

Back 4

-Chinless
-Decrease in posterior teeth
-increase in anterior teeth
-overlap with modern human size
-shovel shaped incisors, thickening on sides to fortify the teeth (vice )

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Homo Erectus Postcranial bones

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Modern human body proportions, LONGER legs than ARMS
Narrow hips

Less sexual dimorphism than australopithecines

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Variability btwn Asian forms and African forms in H. Erectus (4 categories)

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1) BROW
2) SLOPE
3) KEEL
4) ANGLE

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H. Erectus African variations (4)

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1) Brows curved
2) Forehead doesn't slop as much
3) No Sagittal keel
4) Round like us, occipital taurus angle isn't as strong

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H. Erectus Asian variations (4)

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1) Unibrow, thicker brow
2) Sloping forehead
3) Sagittal keel
4) STRONG occipital taurus angle

Front 9

Two species present? what are they called

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Asian forms: H. Erectus Sensu Stricto
African Forms: H. Ergaster

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Variability: Bouri

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1mya--Asian looking friend in Africa
Found in Ethiopia
1) MASSIVE brow that curves over each brow, thick
2) Sloping forehead

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Current status of H. Erectus
(variability and phylogeny)

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1) ONE highly variable species
2) Two of more species present
3) Phylogeny: as of 2010 weight of evidence supports that some forms of H. Habilis developed into H. Erectus

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H. Erectus Tools
Tradition

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Achulean 1.5-200,000

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H. Erectus Tools
Technique

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1) Bifacial flaking (both sides are flaked)
2) Hard and soft hammer percussion

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H. Erectus Tools
Characteristic tool

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1) Hand axes (core tool)
2) Retouched flakes

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H. Erectus Tools
Cultural period

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Lower Paleolithic

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H. Erectus
Subsistence

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-Small game hunting and scavenging
-Territorial scavenger? know where leopard's favorite kill tree is so works certain areas
-increased dietary related adaptive shift--eating more meat maybe pushed development of brain

Front 17

H. Erectus
Lifestyle example

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Care of elderly
-Found a toothess homo erectus because all gum sockets had closed up. Maybe he lived because he was coddled by family