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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cult
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-Small unconventional group
-Charismatic leader -At odds with traditional religious institutions -Just a descriptive term, not always negative |
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Dangerous cults
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-Perceived as destructive and dangerous
-Tactics include: dependence, deception, brainwashing, isolation/segregation -People join because of social change (lack of structure or traditional institutions threatened) or calendar change (end of the world) |
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Manson and "The Family"
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-Charles Manson
-Tate/LaBianca homicides -August 9 & 10, 1969 -Philosophy: Manson as savior, others as pigs, Helter Skelter race war, Family would reign, Beatles' White Album -Tate homicides: Sharon Tate, Jay Sebring, Victor Frykoski, Folger, Parent, stabbed and shot, Pig in blood on front door, Watson, Atkins, Krenwinkel, Kasabian, NOT Manson -LaBianca: Leno and Rosemary, pillowcase and lamp cords around neck, War carved in abdomen, Rise, Death to Pigs, and Healter Skelter in blood throughout house, Manson, Watson, Krenwinkel, Van Houten, and Atkins, Kasabian, and Clem outside -Not initially connected then connected to July murder of Gary Hinman (Political Piggy) with Susan Atkins involved -Susan confessed to Ronnie Howard and bragged, she told police -Don Decarlo implicated Family in death of Shorty Shea -Atkins, Watson (separate), Krenwinkel, and Manson all 7 counts murder, 1 count conspiracy to commit with Van Houten as 2 counts muder, 1 count conspiracy to commit -Trial in 1970, Jury sequestered, Manson denied to defend himself, a lot of distruptions/antics, all got death penalty but now life with parole |
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Atchinson & Heide, 2010
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-SLT, General Strain theory, Labeling theory all used to explain Family's actions
-Looked into lives of members and used secondary data -Can't determine causation -Case studies so can't generalize -Can't replicate -Hindsight bias because looking into past |
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The People's Temple
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-Jonestown Massacre in Nov 1978 in Guyana
-Jim Jones: Preacher with roots in Marxism, Communism, left Methodistchurch because didn't allow integration and began own,apocalyptic sermons, moved to San Fran in 75 -Ukiah, CA self-sustaining compound: "Socialist Eden on earth" -Relocated to Guyana in summer of 77: "People's Temple Agriculture Project", moved partly due to suspicion of Jones (convinced followers US was after them after news article), created "Socialist paradise in the jungle" -Reports that Jones was holding members hostage, erratic behavior, 24/7 loudspeaker sermons, "Concerned Relatives" formed and delegation to Jonestown (Congressman Leo Ryan, Jackie Spear, NBC News team, reporters, and relatives) -Delegation welcomed with party then members said they wanted to leave, they go to leave with delegation and members shoot them at airstrip, 5 dead (Ryan, cameraman, photographer, NBC reporter, and Jonestown defector) -Jones told members that they couldn't go back to the US because Congressman killed, "Revolutionary Suicide" (protesting an unjust world), Better for children, and no where else to go -Vats of cyanide-laced Fla-Vor-Aid which was drank or injected, bodies piled up, Jones shot self -913 victims -Why? Losing followers, homicides at airstrip, Jones' increasing paranoia, The US was after them and weren't going to let them live the way they want to |
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The Branch Davidians
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-Vernon Howell, aka David Koresh
-Siege on Mt. Carmel, Waco, TX -Feb-Apr 1993 -Howell seized control of BDs in late 80s, changed name to David Koresh because of messianic lineage so its biblical, self proclaimed prophet -Branch Davidians broke off from Seventh Day Adventists, apocalyptic teachings (book of revelations) -Philosophy under Koresh: armageddon approaching, Davidians would be saved, Koresh to repopulate the earth -Mt. Carmel aka Ranch Apocalypse was a compound in Waco, fort-like with stockpiled weapons, possible child abuse (child "wives") -ATF gets involved after UPS worker noticed grenades, attempts to serve warrant in Feb 1993 which turned into a shootout (Davidians better armed), ends with 4 agents killed, 20 wounded and 3 Davidians killed, 5 wounded (3 more Davidians killed by own) -FBI gets involved and spends weeks in negotiations with Bible Babble and psych warfare, make deal with Koresh but he fails to comply -Janet Reno (attny general) hears child-abuse allegations and in Apr 1993 authorizes FBI to ramp up tactics involving tear gas -Davidians take gas as sign the world is ending, so set fires and shoot members -83 Davidians dead (at least 20 shot, including 5 children under 14) -Investigations showed FBI did not fire any bullets but conspiracy theories |
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Heaven's Gate
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-Marshall Applewhite, aka Do
-Mar 1997, Mass suicide (?) -Applewhite was son of Presbyterian preacher, in psych hospital in early 70s because depressed and hearing voices of prophecy, met Bonnie Nettles, nurse, who convinced him prophecies were real -Formed Heaven's Gate led by both, "The Two". "Bo & Peep", "Te & Do" as apocalyptic/UFO cult; "Planet earth: about to be recycled" -Philosophy: Heaven is a physical place in outer space, Te and Do from heaven (God and Jesus), earth about to be recycled, anyone who doesn't leave earth will die, followers must "shed their vessels", leave earth and return to the "level above human", will leave earth on a space ship -70s: Recruited members but eventually stopped and became insular, Nettles (Te) dies of cancer which challenges group beliefs and followers begin to leave -90s: more recruitment, group moves to home in Rancho Santa Fe, CA and Applewhite preaches that the time is near, "Class" of members begins preparing, "Do" waits for a sign -Hale-Bopp comet is sign (visible from anywhere on earth, indicator of spaceship), prepares the group with "Heaven's Gate Away Team", uniforms, suicide schedule -Methodically planned with press release and exit interviews with members, deaths over 3 days, drugs, alcohol, asphyxiation -39 members dead in compound, 2 more dead months later -"One suicide and 38 homicides" |
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Multicide
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-Killing of multiple victims
-Categories developed by FBI in 80s: Spree, Mass, Serial -In 2008, dropped spree homicide -Categorized by temporal (amount of time; all at once vs short period vs long period), location (space; one location vs multiple), number of victims (varies depending on researcher) |
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Spree
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-Douglas: killing at 2 or more locations with no emotional cooling-off period between murders
-Cresswell & Hollin: Several victims are murdered over a period of hours or days in different locations -Fox & Levin: cases in which victims are slain over a short period of time -Temporal: somewhat unclear, short period (but how short?) -Location: more than one (no maximum), researchers tend to agree on this point -Victim: more than one; Holmes and Holmes say at least 3, Delisi et al say 1 person is enough, Hickey says modal offender had killed 4 -Quick kills, not drawn out, tortured or held captive -Random victims, not pre selected or targeted -Impulsive, disorganized, chaotic, not planned -May die at the scene, suicide or suicide by cop |
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Delisi et al 2008
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-Defined spree as 2-14 days and a 1 victim threshold (intended vs actual victim), did not mention location
-Trying to see if spree homicide can be predicted -Found there were criminal backgrounds but not predictive |
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Problems with spree categories
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-Arbitrary cut off points
-Disagreement on victim threshold -Planned victim vs actual victims; attempted vs completed homicides -Fix the problem by using "multiple homicide offender" (MHO) |
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The Beltway Snipers
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-Various dates in Oct 2002
-MD, DC, VA -John Allen Muhammad, 41, and Lee Boyd Malvo, 17 -1 killed in AL and 3 injured (prior), 10 killed in MD, DC, VA and 3 injured (Beltway) = 11 killed in 4 states -Weapon: Bushmaster rifle -Muhammad convicted of 1 count capital murder (VA) and 6 counts 1st degree (MD), sentenced to death -Malvo pled NGRI in VA but found guilty and sentenced to life without parole, too young for death -Contact with police: Tarot card with Call me God written on it, letters left at scene, random request of $10 million, phone calls -FBI involved because multi-state and one victim was FBI employee -Evidence: call from perps re: AL murder (ballistics and fingerprints), prints match Malvo from previous arrest of which Muhammed was named in record (as well as a tip), found Muhammed owned a rifle and car -Info about car released (Blue Chevy Caprice) and it is spotted by citizen, LEO find suspects asleep in the car -Gun used in murders, scope, laptop belonging to victim, maps of sites, routes, and vehicle modifications found in car -Motive not clear: religion? refusal to meet demands? other reasons? |
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Mass murder
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-Killing of a number of people at one time and in one place
-Holmes & Deburger: 3+ killed -Hazelwood & Douglas, FBI: 4+ killed -Dietz: 5+ injured, 3+ killed |
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Mass murder vs Serial murder
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-Community impact: Fast, short lived (M) vs builds slowly and drawn out (S)
-Detection: Warning signs, maybe (M) vs offender may appear normal (S) -Apprehension: More likely to die at scene (M) vs avoids being caught (S) |
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Characteristics of Mass Killers
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-Victims: wrong place, wrong time or targeted
-Motivation: intrinsic (psychological) or extrinsic (force) -Gain: expressive/psychological (revenge) or instrumental/material (money) -Mobility: stable, unless hired mercenaries or disciples |
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Types of Mass Killers
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-According to Holmes and Holmes
-Disciple -Family Annihilator -Pseudocommando -Disgruntled employee -Disgruntled citizen -Set-and-run |
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Disciple Killers
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-"Cult killers"
-Disciple killers commit their crimes because someone told them to -Victim: chosen by leader -Motivation: extrinsic -Gain: expressive -Mobility: moves with leader -Ex. Manson's Family |
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Family Annihilator
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-Victim: targeted
-Motivation: intrinsic -Gain: expressive -Mobility: stable -Ex. John List: Dec 1972, NJ, killed mother, wife, 3 kids, dog (total 5) |
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Pseudocommando
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-Interest in weapons
-Stockpiles weapons -Victim: random -Motivation: intrinsic -Gain: expressive -Mobility: stable -Ex. James Huberty: CA, 1984, told wife "going to hunt humans" and shoots up a McDonalds with multiple guns and ammo, 22 deceased (including Huberty), weapons, ammo, firing range in basement |
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Disgruntled Employee
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-Returns to place of employment for revenge
-Attempt to "right the wrongs" done to them -Victim: targeted -Motivation: intrinsic -Gain: expressive -Mobility: stable -Ex. Patrick "Sandy" Sherill: OK in 1986, Postal worker, warned he might be fired, Post office shooting, 14 dead, suicide at scene |
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Disgruntled Citizen
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-Similar to disgruntled employee
-Targets those who have "wronged" him -Victim: targeted -Motivation: intrinsic -Gain: expressive -Mobility: stable -Ex. Carl Brown: Miami, FL in 1982, 8 killed at welding shop, Brown angry about shop's service on a lawnmower, killed by police |
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Set-and-Run
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-ie planting a bomb, poisoning food, arson
-Avoid detection; do not die on scene -Hard to apprehend -Victim: random -Motivation: intrinsic or extrinsic -Gain: expressive or instrumental -Mobility: transient -Ex. Tylenol murders: Chicago, 1982, cyanide-laced Tylenol capsules, 7 victims, lead to new FDA rules with temper-resistant packaging and caplets, no perp ever tried, 2010: possible suspect James Lewis, May 2011: DNA requested from Unabomber Ted Kaczynski |
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Charles Whitman
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-August 1, 1966
-University of Texas, UT Tower -Mass murder, pseudocommando -Victims: 15 dead, 31 wounded (mom, wife, 13 from tower, then 1 dead 30 years later due to wounds) -Various firearms -Former marine (demoted and discharged), student at UT, married Kathy Whitman but spousal abuse, History of depression, anxiety, sat Dr. and told about murderous fantasies but nothing came of it -July 31, Whitman types letter; irrational thoughts, attempts to seek help, headaches and desire for autopsy (thought tumor), decision to kill wife and mother; interrupted by visitors and left the letter unfinished -Stabbed mother Margaret to death that night and left a letter at the scene -Early morning returned home and stabbed wife Kathy then finished letter -Whitman collected arsenal of weapons (7 found) and entered tower at approx 11:30 am, killed 3 inside tower on way up (receptionist and 2 tourists) -For 90 mins controlled campus because took cover in tower and 360 degree view -Officers climb the tower and kill Whitman on observation deck -Autopsy performed and found brain tumor but no evidence to show it was related -Random and targeted victims, instrinsic motivation, psychological and expressive gain, stable mobility -> pseudocommando |
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OK City Bombing
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-Apr 19th, 1995
-OK Citym OK, Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building -Timothy McVeigh & Terry Nichols -Mass murder, set-and-run, disgruntled citizen -167 dead, over 500 injured -Explosive device (Ryder truck with fertilizer and nitromethane) -McVeigh guilty of conspiracy WMD, use WMD, 1st degree murder (death) -Nichols guilty of involuntary manslaughter, murder, conspiracy to use but NOT use of WMD (life) -Mar 1993 McVeigh travels to Waco, TX and attempts to access Davidian compound but denied, interviewed by college newspaper and expressed anti-government views and anger/resentment [Trigger event] -McVeigh believes Waco incident to be a "New World Order", desired to create a militia and recruits Nichols (army buddy) to start hoarding nitromethane -Sept 1994 - begins planning the bombing, storage unit in KS for explosives, first drive by of building, buys getaway car and rents the truck for the explosives -Apr 19th, 1995 (2 yr anniversary of Waco) McVeigh enters OK City, lights 2 bomb fuses which explode at 9:02 (McVeigh already in getaway car), stopped on highway at 10:20 and arrested for having no tags, no license, then sketches are released to the public and former coworker recognizes him -Warrant issued for his arrest on April 21st and that day Nichols turns self in |
