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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
perspective
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Point of view based on a person’s experience and personal understanding
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spatial perspective
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Point of view based on looking at where something is and why it is there
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geography
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The study of Earth’s physical and cultural features
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urban
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An area that contains a city
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rural
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An area of open land that is often used for farming
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absolute location
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The exact spot on Earth where something is found, often stated in latitude and longitude
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relative location
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The position of a place in relation to another place
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place
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Physical and human features of a specific location
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region
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Area of Earth’s surface with one or more shared characteristics
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movement
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People and ideas moving from place to place
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diffusion
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The movement of ideas or behaviors from one cultural region to another
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human-environment interaction
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Relationship between people and the environment
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human geography
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The study of people, past or present
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physical geography
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The study of Earth’s natural landscape and physical systems, including the atmosphere
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cartography
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The art and science of mapmaking
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meteorology
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The field of forecasting and reporting rainfall, temperatures, and other atmospheric conditions
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climatology
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The field of tracking Earth’s larger atmospheric systems
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landforms
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The shapes on Earth’s surface
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topography
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Shape, height, and arrangement of land-forms in a certain place
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plate tectonics
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The theory that Earth’s surface is divided into several major, slowly moving plates or pieces
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subduction
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The movement of one of Earth’s heavier tectonic plates underneath a lighter tectonic plate
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earthquakes
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Sudden, violent movement along a fracture within Earth’s crust
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Sudden, violent movement along a fracture within Earth’s crust
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Magma that has broken through the crust to Earth’s surface
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fault
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A fractured surface in Earth’s crust where a mass of rock is in motion
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weathering
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The process of breaking rocks into smaller pieces through heat, water, or other means
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erosion
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The movement by water, ice, or wind of rocky materials to another location
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plain
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A nearly flat area on Earth’s surface
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alluvial fan
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A fan-shaped landform created by deposits of sediment at the base of a mountain
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A fan-shaped landform created by deposits of sediment at the base of a mountain
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A landform of level ground built by sediment deposited by a river or stream
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deltas
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Landforms created by the deposits of sediment at the mouths of rivers
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glaciers
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Large, slow-moving sheets or rivers of ice
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terraces
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Horizontal ridges built into the slopes of steep hillsides to prevent soil loss and aid farming,
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tributary
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Any smaller stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river
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groundwater
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The water from rainfall, rivers, lakes, and melting snow that seeps into the ground
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aquifers
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Underground, water-bearing layers of rock, sand, or gravel
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water cycle
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The circulation of water from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back
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evaporation
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The process by which heated water becomes water vapor and rises into the air
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water vapor
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The gaseous form of water
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condensation
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The process by which water changes from a gas into tiny liquid droplets
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The process by which water changes from a gas into tiny liquid droplets
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The process by which water falls back to Earth
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acid rain
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A type of polluted rain, produced when pollution combines with water vapor
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ozone layer
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A form of oxygen in the atmosphere that helps protect Earth from harmful solar radiation
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global warming
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A slow increase in Earth’s average temperature
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greenhouse effect
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The process by which Earth’s atmosphere traps heat
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weather
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The condition of the atmosphere at a given place and time
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climate
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The weather conditions in an area over a long period of time
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prevailing winds
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Breezes that consistently blow in the same direction over large areas of Earth
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currents
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Giant streams of ocean water that move from warm to cold or from cold to warm areas
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rain shadow
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The dry area on the leeward side of a mountain or mountain range
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renewable resources
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Resources, such as soils and forests, that can be replaced by Earth’s natural processes
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nonrenewable resources
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Resources, such as coal and oil, that cannot be replaced by Earth’s natural processes
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deforestation
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The destruction or loss of forest area
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reforestation
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The planting of trees in places where forests have been cut down
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fossil fuels
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Nonrenewable resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals
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petroleum
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An oily liquid that can be refined into gasoline and other fuels and oils
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hydroelectric power
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A renewable energy resource produced from dams that harness the energy of falling water to power generators
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geothermal energy
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A renewable energy resource produced from the heat of Earth’s interior
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solar power
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Heat and light from the sun
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culture
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A learned system of shared beliefs and ways of doing things that guide a person’s daily behavior,
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culture region
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Area of the world in which people share certain culture traits,
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culture traits
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Elements of culture such as dress, food, or religious beliefs
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ethnic groups
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Cultural groups of people who share learned beliefs and practices
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multicultural
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A mixture of different cultures within the same country or community
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race
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A group of people who share inherited physical or biological traits
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acculturation
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The process of cultural changes that result from long-term contact with another society
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symbol
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A word, shape, color, flag, or other sign that stands for something else
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ethnocentrism
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Seeing differences in another culture as inferior
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domestication
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The growing of a plant or taming of an animal by a people for their own use
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subsistence agriculture
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A type of farming in which farmers grow just enough food to provide for themselves and their own families
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commercial agriculture
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A type of farming in which farmers produce food for sale
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civilization
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A highly complex culture with growing cities and economic activity
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gross national product
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The value of all goods and services that a country produces in one year within or outside the country
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gross domestic product
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The value of all goods and services produced within a country
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industrialized countries
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Countries that rely more on industry than agriculture
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literacy rate
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Percent of people who can read and write
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