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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AIDS
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the disease that results when the HIV virus attacks the human immune system
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Allergy
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a condition in which a person’s immune system is overly sensitive to environmental substances that are normally harmless
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Antibodies
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proteins, produced by the immune system that either attacks invading pathogens or marks them for killing
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Antigen
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a molecule found on the outer surfaces of cells that the immune system recognizes either as a part of the body or an outside invader
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Bacteria
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single-celled organism without a distinct nucleus
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Biochemical Process
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a chemical process that occurs in a living thing
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Catalyst
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a substance that can speed up the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed or used up during the reaction
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Cellular Respiration
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the process in which nutrients are broken apart, releasing the chemical energy stored in them
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Chloroplast
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the green organelle that contains chlorophyll; where photosynthesis takes place
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Disease
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a condition, other than injury, that prevents the body from working as it should
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Dynamic Equilibrium
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the constant small corrections that normally occur to keep an organism’s internal environment within the limits needed for survival
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Enzyme
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proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in living things
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Feedback Mechanism
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a cycle in which the output of a system either modifies or reinforces the first action taken by the system
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Fungi
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an organism that is usually multicellular, have cell walls made of chitin, and are heterotrophic
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Gas Exchange
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the process of obtaining oxygen from the environment and releasing carbon dioxide
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Glucose
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a sugar that is a major source of energy for cells
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Guard Cells
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specialized cells that control the opening and closing of the pores on the surface of a leaf
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Homeostasis
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the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment even when the external environment changes
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Immune System
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The body’s primary defense against disease-causing pathogens
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Insulin
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a hormone that prompts glucose to move from the blood into the body cells, resulting in a lower glucose level in the blood
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Microbe
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any microscopic organism
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Mitochondria
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pod-shaped organelles that contain enzymes used to extract energy from nutrients
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Pancreas
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an endocrine organ that secretes insulin
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Parasite
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an organism that survives by living and feeding on other organisms
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Pathogen
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an organism that invades the body, causing disease
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pH
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a measure of whether a substance is acidic, neutral, or basic
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Photosynthesis
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the process by which some organisms are able to capture light energy and use it to make food from carbon dioxide and water
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Respiration
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the process by which the chemical bond energy stored in nutrients is released for use in cells
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Stimuli
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any change in the environment that causes an organism to react
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Synthesis
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a life process that involves combining simple substances into more complex substances
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Vaccine
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a substance made of weakened, killed, or partial pathogens and designed to protect the body from future invasions of that pathogen
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Virus
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a nonliving particle of protein and genetic material that reproduces by invading the cell of a living organism
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