Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
All life on Earth occurs in the...
|
Biosphere.
|
|
|
The hydrosphere includes...
|
All of the water on or near Earth's surface.
|
|
|
The continuous movement of water into the air, onto land, and then back into water sources is called...
|
The water cycle
|
|
|
Evaporation is the process by which...
|
Liquid water is heated by the sun, and then rises into the atmosphere as water vapor.
|
|
|
In this process, water vapor forms water droplets around dust particles.
|
Condensation
|
|
|
Larger, heavier water droplets that fall from coulds is called...
|
Precipitation
|
|
|
Where is most fresh water on earth found?
|
In icecaps and glaciers.
|
|
|
Ground water that trickles through the ground and collects is formed from...
|
Rain and melting snow that sink into the ground, and run off the land.
|
|
|
How much of the water on Earth is ground water?
|
Less than 1%
|
|
|
An aquifer is...
|
A rock layer that stores and allows the flow of groundwater
|
|
|
The surface of land where water enters an aquifer is called a...
|
Recharge zone
|
|
|
What allows a planet to maintain and atmosphere and cycle materials?
|
Gravity
|
|
|
Phytoplankton are...
|
Tiny, free-floating, marine algae
|
|
|
What do most organisms deep in the ocean feed on?
|
Dead plants an animals that drift down from the surface.
|
|
|
The part of Earth's atmosphere where life exists is called the...
|
Biosphere
|
|
|
How far does the biosphere extend?
|
11KM into the ocean, and 9KM into the atmosphere
|
|
|
In a closed system...
|
Energy enters and leaves the system; but matter does not.
|
|
|
In an open system,...
|
Both matter and energy are exchanged between a system and the surrounding environment.
|
|
|
An ecosystem is...
|
All of the organisms living in an area together with their physical environment.
|
|
|
T/F: Ecosystems do not have clear boundaries
|
True
|
|
|
T/F: Things move from one ecosystem to another.
|
True
|
|
|
Levels of ecological organization:
|
Organism (one), Population (one type), Community (alive), Biosphere
|
|
|
What are the 5 basic components of a surviving ecosystem?
|
Energy, mineral nutrients, water, oxygen, and living organisms
|
|
|
Biotic factors are...
|
The living and once-living parts of an ecosystem.
|
|
|
Leaves, and an organisms waste products are...
|
Biotic factors
|
|
|
Abiotic factors are...
|
The nonliving parts of an ecosystem
|
|
|
Abiotic factors are not associated with...
|
The activities of living organisms
|
|
|
An individual living thing that can carry out life processes independtly is an...
|
Organism
|
|
|
Species are...
|
Groups or organisms that are closely related, and can mate to produce fertile offspring
|
|
|
Groups of organisms of the same species that live in a specific area and interbreed are...
|
Populations
|
|
|
Communities are...
|
Groiups of various species that live in the same habitat and interact with eachother.
|
|
|
Habitats are...
|
Places where an organism usually lives
|
|
|
What naturalist observed that organisms in a population differ slightly from eachother in form, function, and behavior?
|
Charles Darwin
|
|
|
Some differences between organisms in a population are...
|
Hereditary
|
|
|
Darwin proposed that the environment exerts...
|
A strong influence on which individulas survive to produce offspring
|
|
|
Some individuals, because of _______ ______, are more likely to survive and reproduce than others.
|
Certain traits
|
|
|
Natural selection is the process by which...
|
Adaptations and favorable variations allow one organism to survive and reproduce rather than a less adapted organism.
|
|
|
Darwin proposed that over many generations, natural selection causes...
|
The characteristics of a population to change
|
|
|
Evolution is a change in...
|
The characteristics of a population from one generation to the next.
|
|
|
Darwin proposed that nature selects certain triats, such as sharper claws, because...
|
These traits are more likely to survive
|
|
|
An example of evolution is a population of deer that became isolated in a cold area, and...
|
The deer with genes for thicker fur were more likely to survive.
|
|
|
Adaptation is the process of...
|
Becoming adapted to an environment.
|
|
|
What types of changes are there that improves a populations survival ability?
|
Anatomical, physiological, or behavioral
|
|
|
The process of two species evolving in response to long term interactions with eachother is called...
|
Coevolution
|
|
|
The selective breeding of organisms by humans for specific desirable traits is called...
|
Artificial selection
|
|
|
The ability of an organism to tolerate a chemical or disease causing agent is called...
|
Resistance
|
|
|
Life depends on...
|
The sun
|
|
|
How does energy from the sun enter an ecosystem?
|
When a plant uses the sunlight for photosynthesis.
|
|
|
The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen is called...
|
Photosynthesis
|
|
|
A producer is an organism that can...
|
Make organic molecules from inorganic molecules.
|
|
|
What else are producers called? What does it mean?
|
Auto-trophs;
self feeders |
|
|
What else are consumers called? What does it mean?
|
Heterotrophs;
other feeders |
|
|
The producers in the deepest-ocean environment are...
|
Bacteria that use hydrogen sulfide present in the water
|
|
|
Other underwater organisms...
|
Eat bacteria or the organisms that eat bacteria.
|
|
|
An organism obtains energy from...
|
The food it eats
|
|
|
Cellular respiration is... (1)
|
The process of breaking down food to yield energy
|
|
|
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates, and...
|
Atmosphere oxygen combines with glucose to form carbon dioxide
|
|
|
Where does cellular respiration occur?
|
Within the cells of most organisms
|
|
|
During what process do cells absorb oxygen, and use it to release energy from food?
|
Cellular respiration
|
|
|
Through cellular respiration, cells use sugar and oxygen to produce...
|
Carbon dioxide, water, and energy
|
|
|
Part of the energy obtained through cellular respiration is used to...
|
Carry out daily activities
|
|
|
Excess energy is stored as...
|
Fat or sugar
|
|
|
A food chain is...
|
A sequence in which energy is transferred from one organism to the next through consumption.
|
|
|
A food web shows...
|
Many possible feeding relationships in an ecosystem
|
|
|
A trophic level is...
|
One of the steps in a food chain or food pyramid
|
|
|
Name the trophic levels
|
Producers, primary, secondary, tertiary
|
|
|
Each time energy is transferred, some of the energy lost is...
|
Heat
|
|
|
Less energy is available to organims at _____ trophic levels.
|
Higher
|
|
|
Acid precipitation occurs when...
|
Fuel is burned
|
|
|
Acid precipitation is dissolved in...
|
Rain or snow
|
|
|
Primary succession occurs on a surface where...
|
No ecosystem has ever existed before
|
|
|
Where are some places in which primary succession can occur?
|
Rocks, cliffs, and sandunes
|
|
|
Secondary succession occurs on a surface where...
|
An eceosystem has previously existed
|
|
|
Secondary succession is the process in which...
|
One community replaces another community that has been disturbed/disrupted
|
|
|
A species that colonizes an unhabited area is called a...
|
Pioneer species
|
|
|
Over time, a pioneer species willl...
|
Make the area habitable for other species
|
|
|
The final stable community in equilibrium with the environment is a....
|
Climax community
|
|
|
Some animal species depend on occasional forest fires because...
|
They feed on the vegetation that sprouts after a fire has cleared the land.
|
|
|
What are the 5 ways in which species interact?
|
Competition, commensalism, predation, parasitism, and mutualism.
|
|
|
In competition, both species are...
|
Negatively effected.
|
|
|
In predation...
|
A predator feeds on its prey.
|
|
|
In parasitism...
|
The parasit benefits from its host and usually harms it
|
|
|
In a mutualism relationship...
|
Both species benefit
|
|
|
Certian bacteria in our intestines form a...
|
Mutual relationship with us.
|
|
|
While the bacteria in our intestines helps us break down food we cannot digest, we give the bacteriae...
|
A warm, food rich habitat
|
|
|
In commensalism,...
|
One species receives a benefit and the other goes unaffected.
|
|
|
Symbiosis is...
|
A relationship in which 2 different organisms live in close association with one another
|
|
|
Symbiosis is most often used to describe a relationships in which...
|
At least one species benefits.
|
|
|
Overtime, species in close relations may coevolve. These species may evolve...
|
Adaptations that reduce the harm or improve the benefit of the relationship.
|
