Holocaust Media

Front 1

Mondzain - ownership

Back 1

The Shoah is no one's exclusive domain, not of science, literature, historians or moralists.

Front 2

Mondzain - Why Adorno's statement-not useful

Back 2

1) Its creators never experienced this as a question of legitimacy - art of language
2) More important reason, art is a measure of our freedom and political destiny of our emotions.

Front 3

Night and Fog

Back 3

Alain Resnais. Film of 1955- shown on German television for the first time in 1957, curtailment of distribution

Front 4

Shoah

Back 4

Lanzmann, 1985, 1974 and 1985-filmed. 9 and a half film

Front 5

Schindler's List

Back 5

1993, The Shoah Foundation - product of the success of the film.

Front 6

US Holocaust Memorial Museum

Back 6

Opened in 1993 (same year as Schindler's List) in Washington-the film contributed to the museum's popularity

Front 7

Schindler's List-subsequent documentaries

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Three documentary films - Produced by the Shoah Foundation, survivors of the Holocaust (1996) The Lost Children of Berlin (1997), (academy award winning) The Last Days (1998). All of them weave together survivor testimonies with archival footage, personal photographs and artefacts.

Front 8

Trude Levi (Holocaust survivor)

Back 8

Life is Beautiful (1998) -one of the Holocaust films should not be shown, because people might misunderstand what the Holocaust was about.

Front 9

Film possess 3 important characteristics

Back 9

Record real events, taken place in the past - universal accessibility
2) great power to influence the viewer
3) moving images are artefacts - significance in what they show and in the maker's interpretation and how it influences historical belief.

Front 10

Issue with Holocaust portrayal

Back 10

If a survivor finds it hard to believe they lived through this horror, how does the film-makers make the real believable

Front 11

Eichmann Trial

Back 11

1961 - in Israel .

Impacted how the Holocaust has been represented-focused of Jews and the Final Solution (victims)

Front 12

Attanasio on Shoah

Back 12

The film of the century

Front 13

Farr - difficulty in portraying the Holocaust

Back 13

Highly questionable whether a single normative formula could be maintained in the face of something so complex, a historical phenomenon as the Holocaust-not to mention its legacies, survivors and their memories, survivors childrens etc.

Front 14

Film viewers-Schindler's List

Back 14

1/4 of British population, 1/3 of Germany

Front 15

Schindler's List timing

Back 15

released in Britain at the approach of fiftieth anniversary of the end of SWW, coincided with Holocaust studies being added to the core curriculum in England and Wales

Front 16

Life is Beautiful

Back 16

1998, Italian director, won an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

Front 17

Reiss

Back 17

liked Life is Beautiful. Dislikes Schindler's List-Holocaust should not have Saints/Idols. (Schindler was still a Nazi etc)

Front 18

Levi

Back 18

The moment it becomes a feature film, it cannot be an accurate representation

Front 19

Holocaust Mini-Series

Back 19

1979 by NBC. 9 and a half hours-shown in 4 instalments with commercial breaks. All but one of the Weiss family die.

Front 20

Bauer-Issues Holocaust mini-series raised

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The question of validity of commercial entertainment products in the face of catastrophe and trauma

Front 21

Wiesel on Holocaust miniseries

Back 21

Insult to those who survived, trivialised an event
Not sensitive enough, turned it into a soap opera, cry for the wrong reasons

Front 22

Rubble films

Back 22

1946-9 - when Germany laid in chaos, e.g. The murderers are among us.

Front 23

Goldhagen

Back 23

Created an affect - focussed the public attention - motives of the average Germans who had implemented the final solution. Lack of confronting Nazi perpetrators.

Front 24

1960s, 1970s

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ZDF offered an average of 1600 primetime minutes of historical programming per year.

Front 25

1980s

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First time post-war history majority of tv viewers had no personal memories of the Nazi past. In the 1980s, unlike the 1960s electronic communication about Nazism.

Front 26

Adorno

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To write poetry after 'Auschwitz is barbaric'

Front 27

Francis-Shoah

Back 27

Has been seen by critics as an exemplary representation of the Holocaust.

Front 28

Francis - Absence in Shoah-why possible motivations

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1)Archival footage is conventionally and mistakenly taken to be objective
2)Atrocity footage is so shocking as to numb the audience and paradoxically - not shocking enough to represent the extermination of millions of human beings.

Front 29

Abraham Bomba

Back 29

Polish-Jewish border - deported to Treblinka, assigned to cut the hair of women who did not know they were to be gassed. Bomba appeared in Shoah-retired from cutting hair so Lanzmann rented a barbershop for the film.

Front 30

Francis on Lanzmann's desires (Bomba)

Back 30

Not just interested in what happened at Treblinka but also in how the memory of Treblinka is experienced/re-experienced.

Front 31

Simon Srebnik

Back 31

one of 2 survivors from the death camp Chelmno-
'No one can describe it, no one can recreate what happened here. impossible.

Front 32

How many Jews were murdered at Chelmno

Back 32

152,000-400,000

Front 33

Francis-Shoah and memory

Back 33

It begins by posing as history of genocide as a problem of memory, the Nazis attempted to eras the memory of the dead-burning their corpses - Srebnik who survived his gunshot to the head begins to reverse the effects by re witnessing it.

Front 34

Francis-Night and Fog and Shoah similarities

Back 34

Implicates the spectator emotionally and morally, charging them to continue the chain of traumatic witnessing begun during the genocide.

Front 35

Gerarld Green

Back 35

Writer of the Holocaust - trying to appeal to a broad audience

Front 36

Avisar-Holocaust miniseries

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In Germany the programme destroyed a taboo and compelled new widespread interest in the subject and a reassessment of attitudes towards the national past.

Front 37

Zielinski-mass media

Back 37

Inevitable vulgarization of history through mass media is preferable to silence and indifference

Front 38

Anne Frank

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Published into 55 languages, theatre, movies, plays

Front 39

Kansteiner -Holocaust miniseries

Back 39

Everyday history of the victims and perpetrators of the Final Solution. It raised public awareness for Nazi genocide LIKE NO OTHER EVENT BEFORE OR SINCE.
Stunning success - exceptional media event, tv acknowledged the Holocaust's historical specificity and brought Jewish survivors to the screen-programs of the ZDF still only rarely explored the world wive of the perpetrators and the fateful decisions of bystanders.

Front 40

The Pianist

Back 40

2002- won 3 oscars. Spielberg again.

Front 41

Historical accuracy of Schindler's List

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There is scarcely a murder in the film that was not reported by witnesses in trials after war.

Front 42

Zielinski and Custance-effect

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The Holocaust miniseries was discussed and debated in schools, pubs, churches. It was a massive event.

Front 43

Zielinski and Custance - minorities

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It awakened another positive variety of self-awareness of social minorities e.g gypsies, homeosexuals - their voices heard for the first time

Front 44

5 overall effects-Zielinski and Custance

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School students pressed their teachers
most visits to concentration camps
desire to talk to survivors of the Holocaust and resistance increased
Flood of publications of books
Almost a year after the series was showed a feature film dealing with fascist anti-Semitism was shown

Front 45

Shoah moment

Back 45

When the Polish villagers outside the church were asked why they think the Jews were murdered-they say can it be possible so many years later-they said the Jews were all rich, and they murdered Christ, not one says the Nazis.