Holocaust

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genocide

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the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.

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ORIGIN 1940s: from Greek
genos ‘race’ + -cide .

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anti-semitism

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hostility to or prejudice against Jews

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dignity

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the state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect

(This word has multiple meanings.)

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ORIGIN Middle English : from Old French dignete, from Latin dignitas, from dignus ‘worthy.’

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concentration camp

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a place where large numbers of people, especially political prisoners or members of persecuted minorities, are deliberately imprisoned in a relatively small area with inadequate facilities, sometimes to provide forced labor or to await mass execution.

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The term is most strongly associated with the several hundred camps established by the Nazis in Germany and occupied Europe in 1933–45, among the most infamous being Dachau, Belsen, and Auschwitz.

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extermination

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destroy completely

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ORIGIN late Middle English (in the sense [drive out, banish] ): from Latin exterminat- ‘driven out, banished,’ from the verb exterminare, from ex- ‘out’ + terminus ‘boundary.’

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gas chamber

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an airtight room that can be filled with poisonous gas as a means of execution.

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crematory

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a place where a dead person's body is disposed of by burning it to ashes, typically after a funeral ceremony.

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Talmud

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the body of Jewish civil and ceremonial law . . .and legend comprising the Mishnah and the Gemara.

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Cabbala/Kabbala

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the ancient Jewish tradition of mystical interpretation of the Bible, first transmitted orally and using esoteric methods (including ciphers). It reached the height of its influence in the later Middle Ages and remains significant in Hasidism.

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surname

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a hereditary name common to all members of a family, as distinct from a given name

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Rosh Hashanah

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the Jewish New Year festival, held on the first (also sometimes the second) day of Tishri (in September). It is marked by the blowing of the shofar, and begins the ten days of penitence (asking for forgiveness) culminating in Yom Kippur.

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the Occupation

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the action, state, or period of occupying or being occupied by military force : the Roman occupation of Britain | crimes committed during the Nazi occupation.

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Nobel Peace Prize

http://nobelprize.org

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In addition to humanitarian efforts and peace movements, this has been awarded for work in a wide range of fields including advocacy of human rights, mediation of international conflicts, and arms control.

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Gestapo

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the German secret police under Nazi rule. It ruthlessly suppressed opposition to the Nazis in Germany and occupied Europe and sent Jews and others to concentration camps. From 1936 it was headed by Heinrich Himmler.

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Kapo

Wikipedia

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a privileged prisoner who served as a barracks supervisor/warder or lead work details in a Nazi concentration camp

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ghetto

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a part of a city, esp. a slum area, occupied by a minority group or groups.
• historical the Jewish quarter in a city : the Warsaw Ghetto.
• an isolated or segregated group or area : the relative security of the gay ghetto.

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ORIGIN early 17th cent.: perhaps from Italian getto ‘foundry’ (because the first ghetto was established in 1516 on the site of a foundry in Venice), or from Italian borghetto, diminutive of borgo ‘borough.’

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barracks

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a building or group of buildings used to house soldiers : the troops were ordered back to barracks.
• a building or group of buildings used to house large numbers of people.

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ORIGIN late 17th cent.: barrack from French baraque, from Italian baracca or Spanish barraca ‘soldier's tent,’ of unknown origin.

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gypsy

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a member of a traveling people with dark skin and hair who speak Romany and traditionally live by seasonal work, itinerant trade, and fortune-telling. Gypsies are now found mostly in Europe, parts of North Africa, and North America, but are believed to have originated in the Indian subcontinent.
• the language of the gypsies; Romany.
• a person who leads an unconventional life.

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ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: originally gipcyan, short for Egyptian (because gypsies were popularly supposed to have come from Egypt).

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selection

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the action or fact of carefully choosing someone or something as being the best or most suitable

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ally

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a state formally cooperating with another for a military or other purpose, typically by treaty.
• a person or organization that cooperates with or helps another in a particular activity

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ORIGIN Middle English (as a verb): from Old French alier, from Latin alligare ‘bind together,’ from ad- ‘to’ + ligare ‘to bind’ ; the noun is partly via Old French alie ‘allied.’ Compare with alloy .

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resistance

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the refusal to accept or comply with something; the attempt to prevent something by action or argument

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Hasid

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a member of a strictly orthodox Jewish sect in Palestine in the 3rd and 2nd centuries bc that opposed Hellenizing influences on their faith and supported the Maccabean revolt.

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expelled

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force (someone) to leave a place, esp. a country.

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refugee

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a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster : refugees from Nazi persecution

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deportee

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a person who has been or is being expelled from a country.

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Hungary

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a country in central Europe; pop. 10,032,000; capital, Budapest official language, Hungarian;