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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Genocide |
The deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group. |
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Racism |
A belief that one race is superior to another or that a person is less human because of their skin colour, language, customs, place of birth, etc. |
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Stereotype |
A fixed, over-generalized belief about a particular group or class of people. |
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Prejudice |
Unreasonable feelings, opinions, or attitudes, regarding a certain ethnic, racial, social, or religious group. |
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Anti-Semitism |
International hatred towards Jews, often accompanied by social, economic, or political discrimination. |
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Propoganda |
Information, or rumors spread to harm a person or group of people. |
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Scapegoat |
A person or group made to take the blame for others. |
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Aryan |
Used in Nazi Germany to refer to non-Jewish and non-Gypsy Caucasians. Northern Europeans with features such as blonde hair or Blue eyes where the most superior of the Aryan considered "master race". |
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4 Major Laws Against Jews |
1. Government (1933)- excluded Jews and other political opponents of the Nazis from all civil service positions. 2. Education (1933)- limited the number of Jewish students attending public schools. 3. Citizenship (1938)- invalidated all German passports held by Jews. 4. Business (1938) - Forbids Jews from selling goods or services at an establishment of any kind. |
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1933 - Book Burning |
-1933 -university students burn 25,000 "un-German" books in Berlin's Opera Square -part of an effort to align German arts and culture with Nazi ideas -threw books onto bonfires with great ceremony, band playing, and so-called "fire oaths" -purify German culture and eliminate foreign influences -message: if you can burn books you can burn people |
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1935 - The Nuremberg Laws |
-1935 -German parliament passes Nuremberg Race Laws -consisted of two pieces of legislation: the Reich Citizenship Law, and the Law for Protection of German Blood and German Honor -provided legal framework for the systematic persecution of Jews in Germany -identified a Jew as someone three or four Jewish grandparents |
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1936 - Summer Olympic Games |
-held in Berlin -was a propaganda success for Nazi government -German officials made every effort to portray Germany as a respectable member of the international community -removed anti-Jewish signs from public display and restrained anti-Jewish activities -Germany included one part-Jew, the fencer Helene Mayer -also lifted anti-homosexuality laws for foreign visitors |
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1938 - Kristallnacht |
-Also known as The Night of the Broken Glass -On this night, November 9, 1938, almost 200 synagogues were destroyed -Over 7,000 Jewish shops were sacked and looted -Many Jewish men were deported to concentration camps |
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1939 - St. Louis |
-on May, 13, 1939, the German transatlantic liner St. Louis sets sail from Hamburg, Germany for Havana, Cuba with over 900 passengers -Majority of Jewish passengers applied for visas to enter the US (planned to stay in Cuba only until they could enter the States) -Cuba and USA deny the refugees entry, ship returns to Europe on June 6 -ship was able to dock in Antwerp, Belgium -government of Netherlands, France, and UK agreed to accept refugees |
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1940 - Auschwitz Concentration Camp |
-1940 -SS authorities establish the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp in Poland -largest concentration camp -approximately 1.1 million Jews were deported and at least 960,000 of them were killed -SS staff determined the majority unfit for forced labor and sent them to the gas chambers (disguised as showers) -prisoners selected for labor were tattooed with identification numbers -SS captain Dr. Mengele conducted horrible experiments on infants, twin, and dwarfs |
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1940 - Warsaw Ghetto |
-1940 -largest ghetto by both area and population -confined over 350,000 Jews (30% of city's population) -area of about 1.3 square miles, or 2.4 percent of the city's total area |
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Deportation |
– After the Wannsee conference, the Nazi regime continued to carry out their plans for the "The final solution" – Jews were "deported" - transported by trains or trucks to six concentration death camps, all located in Poland – Camps: Chelmno, Treblinka, Sobibor, Belzec, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Majdanek – Most deportees were immediately murdered in large groups by poisonous gas – Extermination camps were located in isolated areas and near major railroad lines – More than 2 million Jews were taken out of the ghettos and to concentration camps |
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Warsaw Ghetto Uprising |
– Organized armed resistance was the most forceful form of Jewish opposition to Nazi policies – German forces intended to liquidate the Warsaw Ghetto in three days however when SS and police units entered, the streets were deserted – Renewal of deportations of Jews to death camps triggered an armed uprising – Mordecai Anielewicz commanded approximately 1000 Jewish fighters in the ghetto – Armed with pistols grenades (many of them homemade), and a few automatic weapons and rifles – Individuals and small groups of Jews his or fought the Germans for almost a month – The Warsaw ghetto uprising was the largest, symbolically most important Jewish uprising |
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Jewish Partisans |
– Some Jews who managed to escape from ghettos and camps formed their own fighting units called partisans – Hid in forests – People had to move from place to place to avoid discovery, raid farmer's food supplies, and survive the winter with shelters built from logs and branches – they lived in constant danger of local informers revealing their whereabouts to the Germans – The Partisans forged documents and identity cards, printed anti-Nazi leaflets, and assassinated collaborators |
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Hannah Senesh |
– One of 32 Palestinian parachutists the British dropped behind German lines to organize resistance and rescue efforts – Crossed Hungary border to warn Hungarian Jews about the extermination camps – Senesh was captured by Hungarian police and tortured to give information, however, she never told anything |
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Death Marches |
– As Soviet forces approached the Auschwitz concentration camp, SS began evacuating the camps – SS units forced nearly 60,000 prisoners to March West from the Auchwitz camp |
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Anne Frank |
– One of over 1 million Jewish children who died in the Holocaust – During World War II, Anne and her family went into hiding and lived, for two years, in a secret attic apartment in Amsterdam – In 1944, SS Gestapo discovered the hiding place after being tipped off by an anonymous Dutch caller – Anne was transported to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp where she died of typhus – Anne was famous for her diary which she kept during the war |
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Nuremberg Trials |
– The International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany, begins a trial of 21 major Nazi German leaders on charges of crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity – Sentenced 12 leading Nazi officials to death – Each of the four allied nations (USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union, France) supplied a judge and a prosecution team for the trial of selected German officials – 12 defendants were sentenced to death |
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Nuremberg Trials |
– The International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany, begins a trial of 21 major Nazi German leaders on charges of crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity – Sentenced 12 leading Nazi officials to death – Each of the four allied nations (USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union, France) supplied a judge and a prosecution team for the trial of selected German officials – 12 defendants were sentenced to death |
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Adolf Eichmann's Trial |
– Eichmann coordinated deportations of Jews from Germany and elsewhere and Western, Southern, and Northern Europe to killing centers – Also arranged for the deportation of tens of thousands of Roma (Gypsies) – Head of the Gestapo's section for Jewish affairs, Eichmann coordinated with the Gestapo chief on a plan to expel Jews from greater Germany to Poland – for those and other charges, Eichmann was found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging |
