Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is "presencing" and what are 4 features of "presencing"?
|
it is being present, of being there for a client
-giving of self in the present moment -being available with all of the self -listening, with full awareness of the privilege of doing so -being there in a way that is meaningful to another person |
|
|
when a client is helpless, powerless, and vulnerable, what should the nurse focus on?
|
rather than worrying about saying or doing "the right thing", nurses should focus on being fully present
|
|
|
what are 4 ways of being present for a client (according to Osterman and Schwrtz-Barcott)
|
-Presence
-Partial presence -Full Presence -Transcendent Presence |
|
|
True or false? Prayer has many health benefits and healing properties.
|
True
|
|
|
the nurse's major responsibility in regards to a client who participates in private or group prayer
|
to provide privacy
|
|
|
if asked to pray with a client, what should the nurse do afterward?
|
the nurse needs to spend time with the client following prayer so that the client can express feelings
|
|
|
before discussing your personal spiritual beliefs with a client, what is needed?
|
a request from the client. only discuss spiritual beliefs with the client if the client requests it
|
|
|
Seventh-Day Adventists observe the Sabbath on which day?
|
It begins at sundown on Friday and ends sundown on Saturday
|
|
|
to implement spiritual care, nurses need what type of skill?
|
skill in establishing a trusting nurse-client relationship
|
|
|
"full presence" refers to what?
|
when a nurse is mentally, emotionally, and physically present; intentionally focusing on the client
|
|
|
what is meant by "partial presence"
|
when a nurse is physically present and attending to some task on the client's behalf but not relating to the client on any but the most superficial level
|
|
|
what are the 3 nursing diagnoses related to spirituality which are approved by NANDA?
|
-spiritual distress
-risk for spiritual distress -readiness for enhanced spiritual well-being |
|
|
what does the Joint Commission on Accreditation for Healthcare Organizations require in regards to spirituality?
|
it mandates that each client admitted to an institution be assessed for spiritual beliefs
|
|
|
cues to spiritual and religious preferences, concerns, or distress may be revealed by what?
|
-environment
-behavior -verbalization -affect and attitude -interpersonal relationships |
|
|
how does "spiritual health" or "spiritual well-being" manifest itself in a person?
|
by a feeling of being "generally alive, purposeful, and fulfilled"
|
|
|
10 characteristics indicative of spiritual well-being
|
-sense of inner peace
-compassion for others -reverence for life -gratitude -appreciation of both unity and diversity -humor -wisdom -generosity -ability to transcend the self -capacity for unconditional love |
|
|
11 examples of spiritual needs
|
need for:
-trust -love -hope -forgiveness -dignity -values -creativity -meaning to the fullness of life -to be respected and valued -to belong to a community -to connect with a God or Higher Power |
|
|
Spirituality includes these 5 aspects
|
-meaning
-value -transcendence -connecting -becoming |
|
|
what is stress?
|
a condition in which the person responds to changes in the normal balanced state
|
|
|
what is a stressor?
|
any event or stimulus that causes an individual to experience stress
|
|
|
responses to stress are referred to as what?
|
coping strategies, coping responses or coping mechanisms
|
|
|
stressors which originate from within a person are called what?
|
internal stressors
|
|
|
stressors which originate outside the individual are known as what?
|
external stressors
|
|
|
these type of stressors occur at predictable times during a person's life.
|
developmental stressors
|
|
|
this type of stressors occur at unpredictable times and may occur at any time.
|
situational stressor
|
|
|
true or false? stress may be a positive or negative experience.
|
true
|
|
|
which two hormones are released in large amounts during the "shock phase" of the "alarm reaction" after initially experiencing a stressor?
|
-epinephrine
-cortisone |
|
|
the primary response to a stressor, the "shock phase" is also known as the "fight or flight" response. how long does it last?
|
1 minute to 24 hours
|
|
|
define "illness behavior"
|
a coping mechanism which involves ways individuals describe, monitor, and interpret their symptoms, take remedial actions, and use the health care system
|
|
|
list 4 aspects of the sick role
|
-clients are not held responsible for their condition
-clients are excused from certain social roles and tasks -clients are obliged to try to get well as soon as possible -clients or their families are obliged to seek competent help |
|
|
what is an "illness"?
|
illness is a highly personal state in which the person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is thought to be diminished.
|
|
|
what is a disease?
|
an aleration in body function resulting in a reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal life span.
|
|
|
how long does a chronic illness usually last?
|
6 months or longer
|
|
|
the first stage of illness, the "symptom experiences" has 3 aspects. what are these aspects?
|
-the physical experience of symptoms
-the cognitive aspect (the interpretation of the symptoms in terms that have some meaning to the person) -the emotional response |
|
|
when people seek medical advice (stage 3), what 3 types of information are they looking for?
|
-validation of real illness
-explanation of the symptoms in understandable terms -reassurance that they will be all right or prediction of outcome |
|
|
what is the difference between an illness and a disease?
|
-an illness is a subjective judgement
-a disease is an objective alteration in body function resulting in a reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal life span |
|
|
who can determine if a person is ill?
|
illness is highly subjective; only the individual person can say he or she is ill
|
|
|
3 methods of managing stress (p 228)
|
-acknowledge the mind-body connection
-monitor stress warning signs and invoke the relaxation response on a regular basis -develop the skill of personal presence |
|
|
in order to develop the skill of personal presence, you must practice what?
|
to be present with others, you must practice "being there" for yourself
|
|
|
what are 6 self-healing methods for nurses? (p 228)
|
-clarify values and beliefs
-set realistic goals -challenge the belief that others always come first -learn to manage stress -maintain and enhance physical health -develop a support network |
|
|
anxiety differs from fear in which 4 ways?
|
-the source of anxiety may not be identifiable. the source of fear is identitiable.
-anxiety is related to the future. Fear is related to the present -anxiety is vague. fear is definite -anxiety is the result of psychologic or emotional conflict. fear is the result of a discrete physical or psychologic entity |
|
|
which levels of anxiety motivate goal-directed behavior?
|
mild or moderate anxiety
|
|
|
what is the highest level of anxiety called?
|
panic
|
|
|
in regards to stress, what is "GAS"?
|
it stands for "general adaptation syndrome" which is a chain or pattern of physiologic events which occur as a reaction to a stressor
|
|
|
which body organs are affected by stress?
|
the GI tract, the adrenal glands, and the lymphatic structures
|
|
|
what physiologic changes occur in someone with prolonged stress?
|
-adrenal glands enlarge
-the lymphatic structures such as the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes, atrophy -deep ulcers appear in the lining of the stomach |
|
|
if a reaction to a stressor is found locally instead of generally, what is it called?
|
local adaptation syndrome (LAS)
|
|
|
both the G.A.S. and the L.A.S. occur in 3 phases. what are they?
|
-the alarm reaction
-stage of resistance -stage of exhaustion |
|
|
during times of stress, the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. what body responses are due to epinephrine?
|
-increased myocardial contractility, which increases CO, which increases blood flow
-bronchial dilation which promotes increased O2 intake -increased blood clotting -increased cellular metabolism -increased fat mobilization to make energy available |
|
|
during times of stress, the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. the principal effect of norepinephrine is what?
|
-decreased blood flow to the kidneys
and -increased secretion of renin. renin helps produce angiotensin which tends to increase the blood pressure by constricting arterioles. |
|
|
what are 5 psychologic manifestations of stress?
|
-anxiety
-anger -fear -depression -unconscious ego defense mechanisms |
|
|
what type of verbal communication of anger is constructive?
|
a clearly expressed verbal communication of anger, including identification of the source. this communication gets anger out into the open so that the other person can deal with it.
|
|
|
this is a type of behavior which is considered a coping mechanism used by people who are ill
|
illness behavior
|
|
|
what are four aspects of the sick role?
|
-clients are not held responsible for their condition
-clients are excused from certain social roles and tasks -clients are obliged to try to get well as quickly as possible -clients or their families are obliged to seek competent help |
|
|
define autonomy
|
the state of being independent and self-directed without outside control
|
|
|
how can nurses support the client's right to self-determination and autonomy?
|
by providing sufficient information for the client to participate in decision-making processes and to maintain a feeling of being in control
|
|
|
define "remission"
|
when symptoms disappear
|
|
|
define "acculturation"
|
the involuntary process by which a person adapts to, or borrow traits from, a culture other than their own in which they live
|
|
|
define "stereotyping"
|
assuming that all members of a culture or ethnic group are alike
|
|
|
define "culture shock"
|
a disorder that occurs in response to transition from one cultural setting to another
|
|
|
how might a person express culture shock?
|
expressions of culture shock may range from silence and immobility to agitation, rage, or fury
|
|
|
define "bicultural"
|
describes a person who crosses two cultures, lifestyles, and sets of values
|
|
|
a viewpoint based on the belief that health and illness are controlled by supernatural forces
|
magico-religious health belief view
|
|
|
a viewpoint based on the belief that life and life processes are controlled by physical and biochemical processes that can be manipulated by humans
|
scientific or biomedical health belief
|
|
|
how do most people describe what "health" is?
|
-being free from symptoms of disease and pain as much as possible
-being able to be active and to do what they want want or must -being in good spirits most of the time |
|
|
what are the levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs in order from lowest to highest?
|
-physiologic
-safety and security -love and belonging -self-esteem -selfactualization |
|
|
in the publication of Healthy People 2010, what are the leading health indicators?
|
-physical activity
-overweight and obesity -tobacco use -substance abuse -responsible sexual behavior -mental health -injury and violence -environmental quality -immunization -access to health care |
|
|
"primary prevention" refers to what?
|
primary prevention focuses on (a) health promotion and (b) protection of specific health problems
|
|
|
"secondary prevention" refers to what?
|
(a)early identification of health problems and (b) prompt intervention to alleviate health problems
|
|
|
"tertiary prevention" refers to what?
|
restoration and rehabilitation with the goal of returning the individual to optimal level of functioning
|
|
|
what's the difference between "health promotion" and "health protection"?
|
-health promotion=behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and actualize human potential
-health protection=behavior motivated by a desire to actively avoid illness, detect it early, or maintain functioning within the constraints of illness |
