Hobet Science Test

Front 1

The first four steps of the scientific method are as folows:
1. Identify the problem
2. Ask questions
3. Develop a hypothesis
4. Collect data and experiment on that data
What is the next step in the scientific method?

Back 1

Analyze the results

Front 2

What is inductive reasoning?

Back 2

Inductive reasoning is probabilistic; it only states that, given the premises, the conclusion is probable.

A statistical syllogism is an example of inductive reasoning:
1.90% of humans are right-handed.
2.Joe is a human.
3.Therefore, the probability that Joe is right-handed is 90% (therefore, if we are required to guess we will choose "right-handed" in the absence of any other evidence).

As a stronger example:
100% of life forms that we know of depend on liquid water to exist. Therefore, if we discover a new life form it will probably depend on liquid water to exist.

Front 3

What is irrational reasoning?

Back 3

Irrationality is cognition, thinking, talking or acting without inclusion of rationality. It is more specifically described as an action or opinion given through inadequate use of reason, emotional distress, or cognitive deficiency. The term is used, usually pejoratively, to describe thinking and actions that are, or appear to be, less useful, or more illogical than other more rational alternatives.

Front 4

What is Relativistic ?

Back 4

is the concept that points of view have no absolute truth or validity, having only relative, subjective value according to differences in perception and consideration.[1] The term is often used to refer to the context of moral principle, where in a relativistic mode of thought, principles and ethics are regarded as applicable in only limited context. There are many forms of relativism which vary in their degree of controversy.[2] The term often refers to truth relativism, which is the doctrine that there are no absolute truths, i.e., that truth is always relative to some particular frame of reference, such as a language or a culture (cf. cultural relativism). Another widespread and contentious form is moral relativism.

Front 5

What is Deductive reasoning?

Back 5

It's reasoning by taking observations or statements, and then forming a conclusion after considering all that you've learned.

I think deductive reasoning can best be modeled by watching how a detective works. A detective investigates the scene and collects clues, and then he draws a conclusion from examining all the clues. The thinking that the detective does to solve the mystery is considered to be a use of deductive reasoning

Front 6

The two criteria for classifying epithelial tissue are cell layers and_________

Back 6

cell shape

Front 7

Which type of connective tissue does not have its own blood supply (and thus limited)

Back 7

Ligaments

Front 8

The number of organ systems that are in the human body

Back 8

11

Front 9

What is the circulatory system?

Back 9

pumping and channeling blood to and from the body and lungs with heart, blood, and blood vessels.

Front 10

What is the digestive system?

Back 10

digestion and processing food with salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, rectum, and anus.

Front 11

What is the endocrine system

Back 11

communication within the body using hormones made by endocrine glands such as the hypothalamus, pituitary or pituitary gland, pineal body or pineal gland, thyroid,parathyroids, and adrenals or adrenal glands

Front 12

What is the integumentary system?

Back 12

skin, hair and nails

Front 13

What is the immune system?

Back 13

the system that fights off disease; composed of leukocytes, tonsils, adenoids, thymus, and spleen.

Front 14

What is the lymphatic system?

Back 14

structures involved in the transfer of lymph between tissues and the blood stream, the lymph and the nodes and vessels that transport it.

Front 15

What is the musculosketal system?

Back 15

muscles provide movement and a skeleton provides structural support and protection with bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons.

Front 16

What is the nervous system?

Back 16

collecting, transferring and processing information with brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and nerves

Front 17

What is the reproductive system?

Back 17

the sex organs; in the female; ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, and in the male; testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis.

Front 18

What is the respiratory system?

Back 18

the organs used for breathing, the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm.

Front 19

What is the urinary system?

Back 19

kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra involved in fluid balance, electrolyte balance and excretion of urine.

Front 20

What element within the respiratory system is responsible for removing foreign materials from the lungs?

Back 20

Cilia

Front 21

Organized from high to low, the hierarchy of the human body's structure is as follows: organisms, organ system, organs, tissues, what comes next?

Back 21

cells

Front 22

Describe one responsibility of the integumentary system

Back 22

blocking pathogens that cause disease

Front 23

The parasympathetic nerves are active within the nervous system when?

Back 23

an individual is either resting or eating.

Front 24

The sympathetic nerves are active when?

Back 24

an individual experienxces a strong emotion, such as fear or excitement. Fight or flight

Front 25

Feeling pain and heat fall under the responsibility of the ?

Back 25

sensory neurons

Front 26

Talking and walking fall under the responsibility of the ?

Back 26

gangila within the sensory somatic nervous system.

Front 27

Describe the relationship between the circulatory system and the integumentary system.

Back 27

removal of excess heat from the body.

Front 28

Describe the relationship between the circulatory system and the endocrine system.

Back 28

The hormonal influence on blood pressure.

Front 29

Describe the relationship between the circulatory system and the urinary system.

Back 29

responsible for assisting in the regulation of blood's pressure and volume.

Front 30

Describe the relationship between the circulatory system and the skeletal system.

Back 30

responsible for assisting in the development of blood vessels within the marrow.

Front 31

Once blood has been oxygenated, it travels through the pulmonary veins, throught the left atrium, and then through the __________ before entering the left ventrical.

Back 31

mitral valve

Front 32

Fungi is part of which domain?

Back 32

Eukarya

Front 33

Which protein messenger do damaged cells release to within the immune system to signal the need for repair?

Back 33

cytokines

Front 34

Which protein messenger do damaged cells release to within the immune system to specifically attack viruses and cancers?

Back 34

perforins

Front 35

Leukocytes are the white blood cells that respond when tissues need to be?

Back 35

repaired

Front 36

Interferons help in the response to virus atacks by

Back 36

keeping the virus from replicating and spreading within the body.

Front 37

The _______ of plants are larger than those of eukaryotic cells, because they contain water.

Back 37

vacuoles

Front 38

The three phases of interphase during mitosis are the following: G1, G2, and _______

Back 38

S

Front 39

What is the number of possible codons within the code for genetic information?

Back 39

64

Front 40

Name four substances composed of within DNA.

Back 40

Adenine [A], cytosine [C], guanine [G], thymine [T]

Front 41

_______ can cause mutations in human cells.

Back 41

ultraviolet light

Front 42

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Back 42

CO2 + water + sunlight + glucose + oxygen

Front 43

Describe the purpose of a vaccine.

Back 43

stimulating an infection to allow the body to produce its own antibodies

Front 44

What substance cannot exist in RNA?

Back 44

thymine

Front 45

In the development of genetic traits, one gene must match to one _________ for the traits to develop correctly.
1. codon
2. protein
3. amino acid
4. chromosome

Back 45

chromosome

Front 46

Which of the following statements is true about genetic mutations?
1. most mutations result from disease.
2. mutations are never hereditary.
3. mutations due to harmful chemicals are rare.
4. most mutations are spontaneous.

Back 46

most mutations are spontaneous

Front 47

Positively charged _______ are found within the nucleus of an atom, and negatively charged ______ are found around the nucleus

Back 47

Protons and Electrons

Front 48

Which of the following best describes the careful ordering of molecules within solids that have a fixed shaped?
1. physical bonding
2. polar molecules
3. metalloid structure
4. crystalline order

Back 48

crystalline order

Front 49

A weak bond in DNA often includes a(n) _______ atom.

Back 49

hydrogen

Front 50

Describe the transport network that is responsible for the transference of proteins throughout a cell.

Back 50

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 51

During the anaphase of mitosis, the ________, originally in pairs, separate from their daughters and move to the opposite ends (or poles) of the cell.

Back 51

chromosomes

Front 52

What is the shortest wavelength in the spectrum?

Back 52

gamma

Front 53

From longest to shortest name the wavelengths in the spectrum.

Back 53

radio, microwave, infared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma

Front 54

The genetic code for DNA is composed of sequences of cytosine, thymine, guanine, and ___________.

Back 54

adenine

Front 55

Definition of the Law of Conservation of Energy.

Back 55

energy is never lost but is transferred from one form to another.

Front 56

A ________ is the physical and visible expression of a genetic trait.

Back 56

phenotype

Front 57

How many protons would a negatively charted isotope of N-12 have?

Back 57

Protons are determined by the atomic number in the periodic table. Nitrogen (N) has a number of 7, so that is the number of protons that a negatively charted isotope of N-12 has. Charge and isotope do not affect the of protons.

Front 58

One or more _______ form during a reaction that results in atoms with unbalanced charges

Back 58

Ions

Front 59

A substance is considered acidic if it has a balance of less than _____?

Back 59

7

Front 60

Mutations occur as the reult of mutagen-induced changes or ______?

Back 60

Errors during DNA replication

Front 61

Name the unit that is used to measure the distance between Earth and stars.

Back 61

light-years

Front 62

Potential energy is energy that can be used but is not being used. Give an example.

Back 62

A rubber band stretched to its fullest and held, waiting to spring back

Front 63

A ballerina doing stretches, a person typing at a computer are examples of what type of energy?

Back 63

kinetic or energy in use [as a result of motion]

Front 64

Describe a role of RNA.

Back 64

One is to act as the messenger and deliver information about the correct sequence of proteins in DNA.

Front 65

Which of the following do catalysts alter to control the rate of a chemical reaction?
1. substrate energy
2. activation energy
3. inhibitor energy
4. promoter energy

Back 65

activation energy

Front 66

A metallic ion is considered a(n)______,while a nonmetallic ion is considered a(n)_________.

Back 66

cation, anion

Front 67

An unsaturated hydrocarbon with a double bond is considered a(n)_______, while an unsaturated hydrocarbon with a triple bond is considered a(n) ________.

Back 67

alkene, alkyne