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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the study of life
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biology
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the maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions even though environmental conditions are constantly changing
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homeostasis
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branch of biology that studies organisms interacting with each other and the environment
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ecology
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in science, an idea or explanation that is based on observation and that can be tested
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hypothesis
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the attractive force between oppositely charged ions
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ionic bond
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a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
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covalent bond
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a type of protein or RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions in plants and animals without permanently being changed or destoryed
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enzyme
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a solution made from a weak acid and its conjugate base that neutralizes small amounds of acids or bases added to it
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buffer
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a chemical reaction in which a reactant loses one or more electrons such that the reactant becomes more positive in charge
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oxidation
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a chemical change in which electrons are gained
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reduction
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the uneven distribution of charge
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polarity
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the smallestunit of life that can carry out all of life's processes
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cell
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an organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms
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heterotrophs
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an organicsm that produces its own nutrients from inorganic stubstances or from the environment
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autotrophs
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what is the purpose of DNA?
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it contains information that determines the characteristics of an organism, and directs cell activities
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what are the characteristics of life?
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organization and cell, response to stimuli, homeostasis, metabolism, growth and developement, reproduction, and evolution
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what are the steps of the scientific method?
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observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion, publish
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what are the components of an atom?
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protons, electrons, and neutrons
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what happens when an atom gains energy?
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its electrons become excited and move to the next shell
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what happens when an atom gains electrons?
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it becomes negative
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what happens when an atom loses electrons?
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it becomes positive
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what does pH measure?
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the concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide ions in a solution
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what are the 4 classes of molecules?
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carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
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what are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
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monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
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what are the building blocks of proteins?
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amino acids, dipeptides, polypeptides, and enzymes
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what are the building blocks of lipids?
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fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes, and steroids
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what are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
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DNA, RNA, and nucleotides
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what is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
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diffusion needs energy to transfer molecules and facilited diffusion doesn't
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what would happen to cell if it is put in an isotonic solution?
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water would come in and out of the cell evenly
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what would happen to cell if it is put in a hypotonic solution?
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water would enter the cell and the cell would expand
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what would happen to a cell if it is put in a hypertonic solution?
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water would leave the cell and the cell would shrink
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what do pigments do?
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they absorb light and reflect the light that they don't absorb
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what is the C4 pathway?
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the stomata closes during the hottest part of the day to minimize water loss
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what affects the rate of photosynthesis?
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light intensity, carbon dioxide levels, and temperature
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where do light reactions take place?
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thylakoid membrane
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where does the calvin cycle take place?
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stroma of the chloroplasts
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where is the electron transport chain?
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thylakoid membrane
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where does glycolysis take place?
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the cytosol of the cytoplasm
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where does the kreb cyle take place?
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mitochondria
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where does chemiosmosis take place?
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mitochondria
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