Hna: Triangles Of The Head And Neck

Front 1

What layer of fascia contributes to the carotid sheath

Back 1

All fascias - superficial, investing, pretracheal, prevertebral

Front 2

Investing fascia:

1) What glands does it surround
2) What ligament does it form
3) What muscles does it surround
4) What muscles does it connect each other to?

Back 2

1) Parotid, submandibular gland
2) Stylomandibular ligament
3) Trapezius, sternocleidomastoid
4) IT of omohyoid, digastric to hyoid

Front 3

What fascia forms the buccopharyngeal fascia?

Back 3

Pretracheal

Front 4

Which fascia fuses with the axillary sheath? What does the axillary sheath surround? What does this fascia form the floor of?

Back 4

Prevertebral. Axillary artery, vein, and brachial plexus. Posterior triangle of the neck

Front 5

What muscles does the superficial fascia contain?

Back 5

Muscles of facial expression, platysma

Front 6

Borders of posterior triangle

Back 6

Sternocleidomastoid, clavicle, trapezius

Front 7

Occipital triangle:
1) Borders
2) Floor
3) Nerves inside

Back 7

1) Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, inferior belly of omohyoid
2) Levator scapulae, medial and posterior scalene, splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis
3) BEe CAT - brachial plexus, external jugular, cervical plexus, accessory, transverse cervical vein

Front 8

Supraclavicular triangle:
1) Borders
2) Floor
3) Arteries
4) Veins
5) Nerves

Back 8

1) Sternocleidomastoid, clavicle, inferior belly of omohyoid
2) First rib, medial and anterior scalene
3) Subclavian, suprascapular, superficial cervical, transverse cervical
4) Supraclavicular, transverse cervical, external jugular
5) Supraclavicular, brachial plexus

Front 9

Sternocleidomastoid:

1) Origin
2) Insertion
3) Innervated by
4) Function

Back 9

1) Sternum, calvicle
2) Mastoid process of temporal bone
3) Accessory nerve
4) Flex/rotate head at neck. Accessory muscle of resp.

Front 10

Trapezius:

1) Origin
2) Insertion
3) Innervates by
4) Function

Back 10

1) Occipital bone/cervical&thoracic vertebral spines
2) CAS - clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
3) Accessory nerve
4) Elevate/superiorly rotate scapula. Extend/rotate head.

Front 11

Anterior/middle/posteiror scalenes

1) Origin
2) Insertion
3) Innervated by
4) Function

Back 11

1) Transverse process of C2-C7
2) 1st, 2nd ribs
3) A/P: VPR C5-C8. M: VPR C3-C4
4) Flex neck anteriorly/laterally, rotates head.

Front 12

Splenius capitis:

1) Origin
2) Insertion
3) Innervation
4) Function

Back 12

1) Spines of inferior cervical vertebrae
2) Matoid process
3) DPR of cervical spinal nerves
4) Extends head (anterior -> posterior), flexes neck laterally, rotates head

Front 13

Levator scapulae:

1) Origin
2) Insertion
3) Innervation
4) Function

Back 13

1) Transverse process of 4 upper cervical vertebrae
2) Superior aspect of scapula
3) Dorsal scauplar nerve
4) Elevates/INFERIORLY rotates scaupla

Front 14

Inferior belly of omohyoid:

1) Origin
2) Insertion
3) Innervation
4) Function

Back 14

1) Scapula
2) Tendinous slip posterior to sternocleidomastoid
3) Ansa cervicalis
4) Depression of hyoid bone/depression of mandible

Front 15

Lesser occipital nerve

1) Origin
2) Innervates where
3) What triangle

Back 15

1) VPR of C2
2) Skin behind ear
3) Posterior

Front 16

Great auricular nerve

1) Origin
2) Innervates where
3) What triangle

Back 16

1) VPR of C2, C3
2) Skin of mastoid region, auricle of the ear
3) Posterior

Front 17

Transverse cervical nerve

1) Origin
2) Innervates where
3) What triangle

Back 17

1) VPR of C2, C3
2) Skin of anterior portion of neck
3) Posterior

Front 18

Supraclavicular nerves

1) Origin
2) Innervates where
3) What triangle

Back 18

1) VPR of C3, C4
2) Skin over acromial, deltoid, pecs
3) Posterior

Front 19

Accessory nerve

1) Origin
2) Function
3) What triangle

Back 19

1) CN XI, VPR C1-C5
2) Innervates sternocleidomastoid, trapezius
3) Posterior

Front 20

Inferior belly of the omohyoid:

1) Origin
2) Insertion
3) Innervation
4) Function

Back 20

1) Scapula
2) Tendinous slip posterior to sternocleidomastoid
3) Ansa cervicalis
4) Depress hyoid/mandible

Front 21

What is the most prominent nerve bundle of the posterior triangle? What does it do?

Back 21

Brachial plexus - innervates muscles and carry sensory impulses from shoulder/upper limb

Front 22

Where is the cervical plexus?
Where does it emerge frmo the neck?
Function of these nerves?

Back 22

Posterior triangle, Erb's point. Carry sensory impulses from skin of back of head and neck. Two motor nerves inside - accessory and phrenic.

Front 23

Arteries in posterior triangle?

Back 23

Subclavian artery and vein through the supraclavicular triangle. Branches 1) thyrocervical trunk (inferior thyroid, transverse cervcial + suprascapular arteries traverse the triangle 2) Costocervical (superior intercostal artery, deep cervical)

Front 24

Veins in posterior triangles

Back 24

External jugular vein on surface of sternocleidomastoid -> drain in subclavian vein.

Front 25

What empties in to the subclavian vein proximal to the posterior triangle?

Back 25

Thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct

Front 26

What are the borders of the anterior triangle?

Back 26

Sternocleidomastoid, mandible, line down midline of neck.

Front 27

Submandibular trinagle:
1) Borders
2) Muscles in deep border?
3) What muscles/glands/arteries inside?
4) What triangle?

Back 27

1) PAM - P/A digastric, mandible
2) Mylohyoid, hyoglossus
3) Stylohyoid, subman. gland and lymph nodes, lingual/facial arteries, CN 12, ansa cervicalis, nerve to mylohyoid
4) Anterior

Front 28

Submental triangle:
1) Borders
2) What's found within
3) What triangle?

Back 28

1) Anterior bellys of digastrics, hyoid
2) Submental lymph nodes, branches of lingual artery
3) Anterior

Front 29

Carotid triangle:
1) Borders
2) What's found inside
3) What triangle?

Back 29

1) Sternocleidomastoid, sup. belly of omohyoid, posterior belly of digastric
2) Common carotid artery, internal jugular, CN 10, 11, 12, cervical plexus
3) Anterior

Front 30

Muscular triangle:
1) Borders?
2) What's found within?

Back 30

1) Sternocleidomastoid, superior belly of omohyoid, vertical midline of neck
2) Infrahyoid muscles, nerve that innervate them, thyroid gland + associated vessels

Front 31

Posterior belly of digastric:

1) Origin
2) Insertion
3) Innervation
4) Function
5) -hyoid

Back 31

1) Digastric notch of temporal bone
2) Sling found in posterior aspect of hyoid
3) CN 7
4) Elevate hyoid
5) Suprahyoid

Front 32

Anterior belly of digastric muscle
1) Origin
2) Insertion
3) Innervation
4) Function
5) -hyoid

Back 32

1) Sling of posterior aspect of hyoid bone
2) Digastric fossa of mandible
3) Nerve to mylohyoid (CNV)
4) Elevate hyoid/depress mandible
5) Suprahyoid

Front 33

Stylohyoid
1) Origin
2) Insertion
3) Innervation
4) Function
5) -hyoid

Back 33

1) Styloid process of temporal bone
2) Hyoid bone
3) Nerve to mylohyoid
4) Elevate hyoid/depress mandible
5) Suprahyoid

Front 34

Mylohyoid
1) Origin
2) Insertion
3) Innervation
4) Function
5) -hyoid

Back 34

1) Mylohyoid line of mandible
2) Hyoid
3) Nerve to mylohyoid
4) Elevate hyoid/depress mandible
5) Suprahyoid

Front 35

Geniohyoid
1) Origin
2) Insertion
3) Innervation
4) Function
5) -hyoid

Back 35

1) Genial tubercles of mandible
2) Hyoid bone
3) VPR of C1
4) Elevate hyoid/depress mandible
5) Suprahyoid

Front 36

Nerves of anterior triangle, where they're found, what they do

Back 36

1) Hypoglossal - subman/carotid triangle. Supply intrinsic/extrinsic muscles of tongue

2) Accessory - sternocleidomastoid, comes in deep

3) Vagus - inferiorly within carotid sheath. Sensory to meninges, motor to pharynx/larynx/cricothyroid, sensory to vocal folds/below, parasympathetic to thorax/abdomen

4) Nerve to mylohyoid - CN V. Motor to mylohyoid/anterior digastric

5) Nerve to posterior digastric - CN VII

6) Nerve to stylohyoid - CN VII

7) Cervical plexus - C1 = motor to thyrohyoid

8) Ansa cervicalis - C1-C3 motor to infrahyoid

9) Sympathetic postganglionic - travels on major arteries

Front 37

What are the arteries of the anterior traingle?

Back 37

External carotid branches:

1) Superior thyroid
2) Ascending pharyngeal
3) Lingual
4) Facial
5) occipital
6) Posterior auricular

Front 38

Veins of anterior triangle:

Back 38

1) Middle/superior thyroid, lingual, retromandibular, facial vein drain into internal jugular.

2) Pharyngeal plexus of veins deep to parotid drain into internal jugular.