Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 3 regions that the pharynx is divided into?
|
Nasopharynx, oropharynx and the laryngopharynx
|
|
|
The Nasopharynx...
|
...is the superior portion of the pharynx and lies above the soft palate. The auditory tube enters into this area. Nasopharyngeal tonsils/adenoids are found in this area.
|
|
|
The Oropharynx...
|
...lies below the soft palate and communicates anteriorly with the oral cavity. When the soft palate is raised, it forms a seal against the posterior wall of the pharynx - during swallowing. The oropharynx is sealed from the oral cavity by the soft palate and the dorsum of the tongue coming together - during sucking. The palatine tonsils are found in this area.
|
|
|
The Laryngopharynx...
|
..is the portion of the pharynx adjacent to the larynx. It ends inferiorly as it merges into the esophagus.
|
|
|
What are the muscles involved with the pharynx?
|
The semicircular constrictor muscles, the palatopharyngeus muscle and the stylopharyngeus muscle.
|
|
|
What do the semicircular muscles do and what are the different kinds?
|
The superior, middle and inferior constrictors work in a peristaltic motion to move the bolus of food down the pharynx.
|
|
|
The superior constrictor muscle...
|
...originates from the pterygomandibular raphae and inserts on the midline pharyngeal raphe.
|
|
|
The middle constrictor muscle...
|
...originates from the area of bone between the greater and lesser horns of the hyoid bone and a small portion of the stylohyoid ligament. It inserts on the midline pharngeal raphe.
|
|
|
The inferior constrictor...
|
...originates from the lateral aspect of the thyroid and cricoid cartilage. It inserts on the midline pharyngeal raphe.
|
|
|
Where does the Palatopharyngeus muscle originate and insert?
|
It originates from the palatal aponeurosis and inserts into the posterolateral aspect of the pharynx and the posterior aspect of the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage.
|
|
|
Where does the stylopharyngeus muscle originate and insert?
|
It originates from the styloid process, travels through the gap between the superior and middle constrictor muscles and inserts with the palatopharyngeus.
|
|
|
Where is the first gap and what passes between it?
|
It is between the base of skull and superior constrictor. Passing through are auditory tube, levator palati muscle and ascending palatine branch of facial artery.
|
|
|
Where is the second gap and what passes through it?
|
It is between the superior and middle constrictors. Passing through are the stylopharyngeus muscle and the glosspharyngeal nerve.
|
|
|
Where is the third gap and what passes through it?
|
It is between the middle and inferior constrictor. The internal laryngeal branch of X and superior thyroid artery pass through it.
|
|
|
Where is the fourth gap and what passes throguh it?
|
It is between the inferior constrictor and esophagus. The recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior laryngeal branch of the inferior thyroid artery pass through it.
|
|
|
What is the motor innervation for the Pharynx?
|
The stylopharyngeus is supplied by the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve. The other muscles are supplied by the fibers of the accessory (XI) nerve whcih travel with the vagus (X) nerve - referred to as the pharyngeal plexus.
|
|
|
What is the sensory innervation of the pharynx?
|
The main is via the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve. The soft palate and the pharyngeal roof is innervated by the maxillary nerve (V2). The area surrounding the laryngeal inlet is supplied by the vagus nerve (X).
|
|
|
What is the function of the larynx?
|
It provides an air passage linking the pharynx with the trachea, to act as a sphincter to prevent food in the pharynx from entering the air passage and an organ of phonation. It is composed of a skeleton.
|
|
|
What composes the skeleton of the larynx?
|
There are 3 unpaired cartilages (thyroid, epiglottis, cricoid) and 3 small paired cartilages (arytenoid, cuneiform and corniculate). They hyoid bone is also a part of the laryngeal skeleton.
|
|
|
What are the extrinsic ligaments of the laryngeal complex?
|
There are 2 extrinsic ligaments:
1. Hyo-epiglottic ligament - runs from the midline of the epiglottis to the body of the hyoid bone. 2. Cricotracheal ligament - attaches to the lower portion of the cricoid cartilage and the upper portion of the first cartilage of the trachea. |
