H&n B2: Arterial Supply Of The Brain Lecture 11

Front 1

Which two primary systemic arteries supply the brain?

Back 1

vertebral and internal carotid

Front 2

Vertebral artery is a branch of?

Back 2

the subclavian artery

Front 3

Circle of Willis

Back 3

the branches of the vertebral and internal carotid arteries and their anastomoses that provide blood for the brain

Front 4

Branches of vertebral artery

Back 4

anterior spinal artery, posterior spinal artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery, basilar artery

Front 5

Branches of the basilar artery

Back 5

anterior inferior cerebellar arteries, superior cerebellar arteries, labyrinthine arteries, posterior cerebral arteries, pontine arteries

Front 6

Branches of the internal carotid

Back 6

middle cerebral artery, anterior cerebral artery, ophthalmic artery, superior hypophyseal artery

Front 7

Anterior communicating artery

Back 7

an anastomoses branch connecting the two anterior cerebral arteries

Front 8

Posterior communicating artery

Back 8

an anastomoses branch connecting the posterior and middle cerebral arteries

Front 9

Where the anterior cerebral artery supplies blood

Back 9

anterior aspect of frontal lobe

Front 10

Infarctions of the anterior cerebral artery cause

Back 10

weakness: contralaterally in the lowerlimb (arms and face spared); sensory loss in contralateral lower extremity; change in behvaior and loss of bowel and bladder function and changes in socio-sexual behavior

Front 11

Posterior cerebral artery supplies blood to

Back 11

thalamus, upper portion of brain stem, occiptal lobe, inferior part of temporal lobe

Front 12

Infarction of the posterior cerebral artery causes

Back 12

contralateral hemi/quadrantanopsia (loses half or quarter of vision), disturbance in memory and behavior, dense loss of sensation on entire contralateral side, inconsistent losses of movement, disorders of eye movement and consciousness

Front 13

Middle Cerebral artery supplies blood to

Back 13

bulk of lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres and much of deep structures as well

Front 14

When proximal stem of middle cerebral artery is occluded

Back 14

weakness: contralateral w/ lower limb somewhat spared; total contralateral sensory loss; specific disorders of motor planning; disorders of language, writing, vision, reading; spatial disorders including dysfunction referred to as neglect

Front 15

Lenticulostriate branch of middle cerebral artery supplies blood to

Back 15

large portion of basal ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus) and internal capsule; known as The Artery of Stroke

Front 16

Occlusion of lenticulostriate branch of middle cerebral artery causes

Back 16

weakness: could be totally contralaterally; sensory loss throughout the contralateral side; dysarthria )imperfect articulation of speech)

Front 17

Internal carotid artery is a branch of?

Back 17

Common carotid

Front 18

What forms the anterior spinal artery?

Back 18

Both vertebral arteries merge to form this artery

Front 19

Lack of blood for ___ seconds results in unconsciousness

Back 19

20

Front 20

Lack of blood for ____ minutes results in irreversible brain damage

Back 20

5

Front 21

Brain makes up ___% of body weight but uses ___% of cardiac output

Back 21

2%, 15%

Front 22

Brain consumes __% of total available oxygen

Back 22

20%

Front 23

What gets more blood, gray matter or white matter?

Back 23

Gray matter

Front 24

What is one of the first areas to be affected by noxious agents and by acute hypoxia?

Back 24

Hippocampus

Front 25

What is the total amt of blood flow in the cerebral vessels?

Back 25

750 ml/min

Front 26

What is the total intracranial blood volume?

Back 26

100-150 ml

Front 27

What is the average cerebral blood flow?

Back 27

55 ml/100 g of brain tissue per minute

Front 28

Ischemia occurs if CBF is less than..

Back 28

30-35 ml/100g/min

Front 29

Infarction occurs if CBF is less than...

Back 29

1.5 ml/100 g/min

Front 30

Describe the tunica layers in the cerebral arteries

Back 30

Intima - thick internal elastic membrane, thicker than found in extracranial vessels. There is a thin layer of elastic tissue between the intima and media called the internal elastic membrane. Media - very thin with very little muscle. Adventitia - thin, no external elastic lamina and no vasovorum.

Front 31

What does the blood brain barrier do? What is its makeup?

Back 31

Barrier between cerebrovascular system and brain that selectively excludes macromolecules and other substances. Made of capillary endothelium, astrocytic foot processes, basement membrane. Capillary endothelium is nonfenestrated with tight junctions.

Front 32

Disruption of astrocytic foot processes in the blood brain barrier can result in? What does this occur with?

Back 32

Edema. This occurs with trauma and tumors.

Front 33

What are discontinuous capillaries?

Back 33

Capillaries that have large spaces that let cells squeeze between them

Front 34

What are fenestrated capillaries? Give an example of where they are found.

Back 34

Capillaries with small openings that allow molecules to get through. Ex: endocrine system, secretes hormones into blood vessels and fenestrated capillaries allow them to get through.

Front 35

What are continuous capillaries?

Back 35

Capillaries that don't allow anything to get in.

Front 36

What is edema?

Back 36

Fluid accumulating in the brain

Front 37

Where in the brain are the capillaries fenestrated?

Back 37

Neurohypophysis, pineal, optic recess, median eminence.

Front 38

Why do you have to be careful with newborns when it comes to fenestrated capillaries?

Back 38

Bilirubin can get into the brain.

Front 39

What is kernicterus?

Back 39

Infants with elevated bilirubin levels that result from staining in basal ganglia, thalamus, and ependyma

Front 40

What are the four visual fields?

Back 40

Superior, temporal, nasal, inferior

Front 41

Quadrantanopsia

Back 41

Loss of visual field in one eye

Front 42

Hemianopsia

Back 42

Loss of two visual fields in one eye

Front 43

Anopsia

Back 43

Loss of all visual fields in one eye

Front 44

What do the vertebral arteries go through in the brain?

Back 44

Foramen magnum

Front 45

What part of the brain does the internal carotid serve?

Back 45

The front part

Front 46

What part of the brain do the vertebral arteries serve?

Back 46

Back of the brain

Front 47

What are the branches of the internal carotid?

Back 47

Ophthalmic artery, superior hypophyseal artery, anterior choroidal artery, middle cerebral artery, anterior cerebral artery

Front 48

What do the branches of the opthalmic artery include?

Back 48

The central artery of the retina, branches that anastamose with the facial artery

Front 49

What do the superior hypophyseal arteries provide blood to?

Back 49

Infundibular stalk

Front 50

What does the anterior choroidal artery provide blood to?

Back 50

Hippocampus, amygdala, posterior limb of the internal capsule

Front 51

Does blood from the right internal carotid normally supply blood to the left side of the brain?

Back 51

NO. But it can help out with the anastamosis.

Front 52

What causes Wallenberg's syndrome?

Back 52

A blow out of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Front 53

What does the anterior cerebral artery serve? Middle cerebral artery? Posterior? Which one is most important?

Back 53

Anterior - The most anterior/superior parts of the frontal lobe, small portion of parietal lobe. Middle - bulk of lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres and much of the deep structures. Posterior - Thalamus/upper portion of the brainstem. Occipital lobe, inferior portion of temporal lobe. Middle cerebral is the most important.

Front 54

Loss of anterior cerebral artery results in?

Back 54

Contralateral weakness in lower limb, arms/face spared. Sensory loss in contralateral lower extremity, change in behavior, loss of bladder/bowel function.

Front 55

Loss of posterior cerebral artery results in?

Back 55

Contralateral hemi-or quadrantonopsia, disturbances in memory/behavior, loss of sensation on contralateral side, inconsistent losses in contralateral mvmt, disorders of eye movement and consciousness

Front 56

Six main parts of the basal ganglia

Back 56

Globus pallidus, putamen, claustrum, caudate nucleus, amygdala, subthalamic nucleus

Front 57

What is the lenticular nucleus?

Back 57

Putamen + globus pallidus

Front 58

What is the striatum?

Back 58

Putamen + caudate nucleus

Front 59

What artery is most affected by blockages?

Back 59

Middle cerebral artery.

Front 60

Loss of middle cerebral artery results in?

Back 60

Contralateral weakness, total contralateral sensory loss, disorders of motor planning, language, communication, comprehension of visual input, writing, music. Damage is from neck down to your toes.

Front 61

What is the lenticulostriate artery? What happens if it's damaged?

Back 61

Internal capsule + lenticular nucleus. Will have paralysis on opposite side of the injury, no sensory. Dysarthria (imperfect articulation of speech), and visual defects due to damage of optic radiation